Blood cockles (Anadara granosa) were placed in plastic cages and deployed at eight locations along a pollution gradient. A control site was chosen a few kilometres away. At 2-week intervals for 8 weeks, the scope for growth of the cockles was determined. A total of 11 environmental parameters were measured during each sampling exercise for correlation with the growth index. Values of scope for growth for all the eight stations, except for stations 7 and 8, were significantly lower than ...

L x-ray production cross sections have been measured for thin solid targets (∼50μg/cm2) of 57La, 58Ce, 60Nd and 62Sm for 35–60MeV C4+ and O5+ ions. There is an increase in these cross sections with the increasing projectile energy and the ratio of its atomic number to the atomic number of the target nucleus (Z1/Z2). The measured L x-ray production cross sections have been compared with the predicted values of the first Born approximation (FBA) and of the ECPSSR theory that accounts for ...

In this paper, a new tuning algorithm for PID controller based on gain margin and phase margin concept is proposed. The controller parameters are dependent on single parameter, which are subjected to a desired phase margin, and a minimum required gain margin constraint. The main advantage of the proposed tuning algorithm with respect to previous works is that it is easy to implement. Moreover the algorithm is applicable to any linear as well non-linear model structure. The algorithm has ...