P G Watson

The data from 159 patients (217 eyes) with episscleritis and 207 patients (301 eyes) with scleritis have been investigated in detail and the results analysed with the help of a computer. Of these patients, 91 per cent were followed-up during a period of one to eight years. A new classification is presented which is as follows: Episcleritis (217 eyes) Simple episcleritis (170 eyes) Nodular episcleritis (47 eyes) Scleritis (301 eyes) Diffuse anterior scleritis (119 eyes) Nodular anterior ...

The complications of trabeculectomy were studied in two groups of patients taken from a stable white population. The first group who had had their operation when it was first introduced 22 years ago, had been previously treated with prolonged medication, the second group had been operated upon recently and had had short-term pre-operative medication. This study confirmed that trabeculectomy predictably reduces the intraocular pressure to within the accepted normal range and that the ...

The method of isotropic photorefraction has been used in a trial of refractive screening of 6-9 month old infants. Data are presented on the calibration of the method against retinoscopic measurements and its reliability. In photorefractive screening of 1096 infants under cyclopentolate cycloplegia 5% were found to be hypermetropic (over +3.5 D), 4.5% myopic, and 1.3% anisometropic (over 1 D). These refractive errors were confirmed on retinoscopic follow-up (with the exception of a few ...

By reducing the dose of injected fluorescein its leakage from conjunctival and episcleral capillaries has been minimised. These vessels have been demonstrated with great clarity, and the venous circulation, previously obscured by extravascular fluorescein, has also been revealed. The anatomy of the anterior segment vessels, and the blood flow within them, has been studied in eight normal subjects. The anterior ciliary arteries feed an anterior episcleral arterial circle that has ...

Electron microscopy of tissue excised during surgery in eight cases of advanced anterior necrotising scleritis showed degradation of collagen in the scleral stroma by both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. In the first of these mechanisms cells resembling active fibroblasts and macrophages were observed in the process of phagocytosis of collagen fibrils into vacuoles associated with dense cytoplasmic granules. In the second mechanism collagen fibrils in large areas of the ...

The clinical course of 47 patients with posterior scleritis is reviewed. Though clinical presentation varied widely, 73% of the patients presented with a visual acuity of 6/18 or less. Because the posterior scleritis was not always associated with pain or with anterior scleritis, the diagnosis was often not considered when the patient was first seen. The most common findings in the fundus were disc swelling, retinal detachment, and macular oedema and the most useful investigation was B ...

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine if six weeks treatment with subcutaneous interferon alpha-2a (IFN) and podophyllin 25% W/V administered twice per week, preceded by IFN alpha-2a three times weekly for one week showed a greater complete response rate in patients with primary condylomata acuminata when assessed at week 10 than treatment with podophyllin and placebo injections in the same schedule. The secondary objective was to compare recurrence rates in complete ...

Light and electron microscopy were used to examine tissue excised during surgery from eight patients with advanced destructive scleral disease. These comprised two cases of scleromalacia perforans, three cases of anterior necrotising scleritis alone or in conjunction with other systemic diseases, and three cases in which scleritis developed following ocular surgery. It was not possible to distinguish between these three categories by histological or cytopathological criteria. All showed ...

Fifty-one patients were investigated by subtraction macrodacryocystography (SMDCG, 103 systems) and by lacrimal scintigraphy (LS, 105 systems). It was found that these investigations complemented each other and between them the precise site of obstruction in the lacrimal drainage apparatus could be determined in 80%. The radiation dosage to the lens in SMDCG significant, and it is therefore recommended that the patients with lacrimal obstruction should: (1) have lacrimal puncta dilated ...

The aim of treatment in primary angle glaucoma should be to reduce the intraocular pressure throughout the 24 hours to a level where no damage is done to the optic nerve head, thus preventing any field defect. Open angle glaucoma as it is presently defined requires a significantly raised intraocular pressure to be associated with detectable changes in the optic nerve and a consequent visual field defect. The goal is therefore unattainable whilst this definition remains. The best that can ...

Three methods of preserving simulated specimens of urine were studied with six test strains of bacteria. Viable counts were measured by a surface viable count and by the filter-paper-strip method during a holding period of 72 hours. Refrigeration at approximately 4 degrees C was effective and reliable. Boric acid (1-8%) at room temperature was toxic for the strain of Escherichia coli at a density of 10(7) cfu/ml but this may not be significant at the higher concentration of bacterial ...

A series of 30 enucleated eyes, all of which had a primary histological diagnosis of scleritis, was analysed. The average age of patients at enucleation was 68 years; many of these patients had had the disease for more than 30 years. In 40 per cent the diagnosis of scleritis was unsuspected and was often masked by multiple complications. Scleritis with uveitis and glaucoma was the most common combination to come to enucleation. In 82 per cent, pain was the reason for enucleation, which ...