Run report person_search

James E Galvin: Influence Statistics

BACKGROUND: Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are underrecognized in community settings. This may be due in part to the lack of brief dementia screening tools available to clinicians. We compared 2 brief, informant-based screening tests: the AD8 and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in a community-based neurology practice in the midwestern United States.

METHODS: We examined 186 consecutive patients (44 controls, 13 with MCI, and 129 with ...

CONTEXT: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain. Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of DHA is associated with a reduced incidence of Alzheimer disease. Animal studies demonstrate that oral intake of DHA reduces Alzheimer-like brain pathology.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if supplementation with DHA slows cognitive and functional decline in individuals with Alzheimer disease.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A randomized, ...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction, including dementia and delirium, is prevalent in geriatric emergency department (ED) patients, but often remains undetected. One barrier to reliable identification of acutely or chronically impaired cognitive function is the lack of an acceptable screening tool. While multiple brief screening instruments have been derived, ED validation trials have not previously demonstrated tools that are appropriately sensitive for clinical use.

OBJECTIVES: The ...

Screening tests for Alzheimer's disease lack sensitivity and specificity. We developed the AD8, a brief dementia screening interview validated against clinical and cognitive evaluations, as an improvement over current screening methods. Because insufficient follow-up has occurred to validate the AD8 against the neuropathologic findings of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated whether AD8 scores correspond to impairment in episodic memory testing and changes in biomarkers of Alzheimer's ...

BACKGROUND: Extrapyramidal signs (EPS) are common in Alzheimer disease (AD) and increase in prevalence as AD advances. The neuropathologic substrate responsible for EPS in AD remains to be fully characterized.

METHODS: Subjects had a clinical diagnosis of AD confirmed by neuropathologic examination. EPS during life were documented by clinical methods assessing bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, rest tremor, and parkinsonian gait. Subjects with EPS and previous neuroleptic exposure were ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish the validity, reliability, and discriminative properties of the AD8, a brief informant interview to detect dementia, in a clinic sample.

METHODS: We evaluated 255 patient-informant dyads. We compared the number of endorsed AD8 items with an independently derived Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and with performance on neuropsychological tests. Construct and concurrent validity, test-retest, interrater and intermodal reliability, and internal consistency of the AD8 ...

Recently, alpha-synuclein was shown to be a structural component of the filaments in Lewy bodies (LBs) of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with LBs (DLB) as well as the LB variant of Alzheimer's disease, and this suggests that alpha-synuclein could play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. To determine whether alpha-synuclein is a building block of inclusions in other neurodegenerative movement disorders, we examined brains from patients with multiple system ...

BACKGROUND: To understand the earliest signs of cognitive decline caused by Alzheimer disease (AD) and other illnesses causing dementia, information is needed from well-characterized individuals without dementia studied longitudinally until autopsy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and cognitive features associated with the development of AD or other dementias in older adults.

DESIGN: Longitudinal study of memory and aging.

SETTING: Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, St Louis, Mo.

MAIN ...

BACKGROUND: Dementia caregivers describe knowing what to expect as an unmet need and many are unaware that dementia can be a terminal condition. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common neurodegenerative dementia with unique features which may affect the end of life (EOL). Given the paucity of data on EOL experiences in dementia and unique aspects of DLB affecting EOL, we investigated EOL experiences as reported by caregivers of individuals with DLB.

METHOD: We conducted telephone ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine which clinical features best characterize Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), compared with Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and to determine the pathologic basis for PDD.

METHODS: We examined 103 participants enrolled in a longitudinal study (nondemented control = 10, PD = 42, DLB = 20, AD = 31) who were followed to autopsy using standardized protocols. We characterized the features of PDD using published criteria for AD and DLB as a ...

INTRODUCTION: Test the validity and reliability of the Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS), a rapid dementia staging tool.

METHODS: The QDRS was tested in 267 patient-caregiver dyads compared with Clinical Dementia Ratings (CDR), neuropsychological testing, and gold standard measures of function, mood, and behavior. Psychometric properties including, item variability, floor and ceiling effects, concurrent and construct validity, and internal consistency were determined. The QDRS was used ...

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, type 1 (NBIA 1), or Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by Parkinsonism, cognitive impairment, pseudobulbar features, as well as cerebellar ataxia, and neuropathologically by neuronal loss, gliosis, and iron deposition in the globus pallidus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra. The hallmark pathological lesions of NBIA 1 are axonal spheroids, but Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the ability of patients to rate their own cognitive ability using the AD8 compared with informant and clinician ratings of cognitive status.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: The AD8 was administered to 325 consecutive participant-informant dyads enrolled in a longitudinal study at Washington University School of Medicine between April 4, 2005, and December 15, 2005. The number of AD8 items endorsed by the participant was compared with informant answers and an ...

PURPOSE: Patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) may present a unique set of symptoms and challenges to family caregivers compared with other types of dementia. Prominent difficulties include motor impairment, activities of daily living (ADLs) disability, recurrent behavioral and emotional problems (BEPs), and diagnostic difficulties. These problems are likely to affect caregivers' subjective burden.

DESIGN AND METHODS: The present study used data from an Internet survey conducted by the ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) progresses more rapidly than Alzheimer disease (AD).

METHODS: We compared 315 participants (63 with DLB and 252 with AD) enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study of memory and aging with annual clinical and cognitive assessments and followed until death. The main outcome measure was dementia progression to institutionalization and death. Neuropathologic examinations were performed on all participants in this study. ...