We present results from large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of homogeneous vapor-to-liquid nucleation. The simulations contain between 1 × 10(9) and 8 × 10(9) Lennard-Jones (LJ) atoms, covering up to 1.2 μs (56 × 10(6) time-steps). They cover a wide range of supersaturation ratios, S ≃ 1.55-10(4), and temperatures from kT = 0.3 to 1.0ε (where ε is the depth of the LJ potential, and k is the Boltzmann constant). We have resolved nucleation rates as low as 10(17) cm(-3) s(-1) ...

We analyse the number density and radial distribution of substructures and satellite galaxies using cosmological simulations that follow the gas dynamics of a baryonic component, including shock heating, radiative cooling and star formation within the hierarchical concordance Lambda cold dark matter model. We find that the dissipation of the baryons greatly enhances the survival of subhaloes, especially in the galaxy core, resulting in a radial distribution of satellite galaxies that ...

We use cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations to study the kinematic signatures of cool gas accretion onto a pair of well-resolved galaxy halos. We find that cold-flow streams and gas-rich mergers produce a circumgalactic component of cool gas that generally orbits with high angular momentum about the galaxy halo before falling in to build the disk. This signature of cosmological accretion should be observable using background-object absorption-line studies as features ...

Make the rough with the smoothThe early Universe was almost completely smooth and homogeneous. But tiny fluctuations were hidden in the matter distribution, and 20 million years after the Big Bang these began to undergo gravitational collapse. Key to what happened next is the nature of the dark matter that makes up the bulk of the Universe. New supercomputer calculations, based on the assumption that a hypothetical particle known as the neutralino is the main component of the dark ...

The PAMELA, ATIC, and Fermi collaborations have recently reported an excess in the cosmic ray positron and electron fluxes. These lepton anomalies might be related to cold dark matter particles annihilating within a nearby dark matter clump. We outline regions of the parameter space for both the dark matter subhalo and particle model, where data from the different experiments are reproduced. We then confront this interpretation of the data with the results of the cosmological N-body ...

We present a statistical study of substructure within a sample of Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) clusters and galaxies simulated with up to 25 × 106 particles. With thousands of subhaloes per object we can accurately measure their spatial clustering and velocity distribution functions and compare these with observational data. The substructure properties of galactic haloes closely resemble those of galaxy clusters with a small scatter in the mass and circular velocity functions. The velocity ...

We use a particle tagging technique to dynamically populate the N-body Via Lactea II high-resolution simulation with stars. The method is calibrated using the observed luminosity function of Milky Way (MW) satellites and the concentration of their stellar populations, and self-consistently follows the accretion and disruption of progenitor dwarfs and the buildup of the stellar halo in a cosmological "live host." Simple prescriptions for assigning stellar populations to collisionless ...

The coalescence of a massive black hole (MBH) binary leads to the gravitational-wave recoil of the system and its ejection from the galaxy core. We have carried out N-body simulations of the motion of a M BH = 3.7 × 106 M ☉ MBH remnant in the "Via Lactea I" simulation, a Milky Way-sized dark matter halo. The black hole receives a recoil velocity of V kick = 80, 120, 200, 300, and 400 km s–1 at redshift 1.5, and its orbit is followed for over 1 Gyr within a "live" host halo, subject only ...

If the dark matter particle is a neutralino, then the first structures to form are cuspy cold dark matter (CDM) haloes collapsing after redshifts z≈ 100 in the mass range 10−6–10−3 M⊙. We carry out a detailed study of the survival of these microhaloes in the Galaxy as they experience tidal encounters with stars, molecular clouds, and other dark matter substructures. We test the validity of analytic impulsive heating calculations using high-resolution N-body simulations. A major ...

We present results from direct, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of homogeneous bubble (liquid-to-vapor) nucleation. The simulations contain half a billion Lennard-Jones atoms and cover up to 56 million time steps. The unprecedented size of the simulated volumes allows us to resolve the nucleation and growth of many bubbles per run in simple direct micro-canonical simulations while the ambient pressure and temperature remain almost perfectly constant. We find bubble nucleation ...

We show that the hierarchical assembly of cold dark matter haloes preserves the memory of the initial conditions. Using N-body cosmological simulations, we demonstrate that the present-day spatial distribution and kinematics of objects that formed within early(z≳ 10) protogalactic systems (old stars, satellite galaxies, globular clusters, massive black holes, etc.) depends mostly on the rarity of the peak of the primordial density field to which they originally belonged. Only for objects ...

We have performed large-scale Lennard-Jones molecular dynamics simulations of homogeneous vapor-to-liquid nucleation, with 10(9) atoms. This large number allows us to resolve extremely low nucleation rates, and also provides excellent statistics for cluster properties over a wide range of cluster sizes. The nucleation rates, cluster growth rates, and size distributions are presented in Diemand et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 74309 (2013)], while this paper analyses the properties of the ...

Over the last decade, warm dark matter (WDM) has been repeatedly proposed as an alternative scenario to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) one, potentially resolving several disagreements between the CDM model and observations on small scales. Here, we reconsider the most important CDM small-scale discrepancies in the light of recent observational constraints on WDM. As a result, we find that a conventional thermal (or thermal-like) WDM cosmology with a particle mass in agreement with ...

We use the recently completed one billion particle Via Lactea IIΛ cold dark matter simulation to investigate local properties like density, mean velocity, velocity dispersion, anisotropy, orientation and shape of the velocity dispersion ellipsoid, as well as the structure in velocity space of dark matter haloes. We show that at the same radial distance from the halo centre, these properties can deviate by orders of magnitude from the canonical, spherically averaged values, a variation ...

Merging compact binaries are the most viable and best-studied candidates for gravitational-wave (GW) detection by the fully operational network of ground-based observatories. In anticipation of the first detections, the expected distribution of GW sources in the local universe is of considerable interest. Here we investigate the full phase-space distribution of coalescing compact binaries at z = 0 using dark matter simulations of structure formation. The fact that these binary systems ...