KOL | Roger F Butterworth∗Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 45143 Cabot Trail, Englishtown, NS B0C 1H0 Canada | Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada | ... |
KOL简历 Roger F Butterworth∗
| Year | |
|---|---|
| 2021 | Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 45143 Cabot Trail, Englishtown, NS B0C 1H0 Canada |
| 2020 | Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada |
| 2019 | Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 45143 Cabot Trail, B0C 1H0, Englishtown, NS, Canada University of Montreal (St-Luc Hospital), Montreal, QC |
| 2018 | CHUM St-Luc Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada. University of Montreal (St-Luc Hospital), Montreal, Québec, Canada |
| 2015 | Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| 2014 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Hopital St-Luc (CHUM) and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 3J4, Canada |
| 2013 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Hôpital St-Luc (CHUM), 1058 Rue St-Denis, H2X 3J4, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| 2012 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Saint-Luc Hospital (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| 2011 | Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Neuroscience Research Unit, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| 2010 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Hôpital Saint-Luc (CHUM), University of Montreal, 1058 St. Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| 2009 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Hôpital Saint‐Luc, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| 2008 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| 2007 | Neuroscience Research Unit, CHUM (Campus Saint-Luc), University of Montreal, 1058, Saint-Denis Street, H2X 3J4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| 2006 | Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Montreal (CHUM), Hôpital Saint-Luc, 1058 St-Denis Street, Montreal, Que., Canada H2X 3J4 |
| 2005 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Hôpital Saint-Luc (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada |
| 2004 | Neuroscience Research Unit, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
Roger F Butterworth∗：影响统计
运行报告
| Concept | World rank |
|---|---|
| deficiency encephalopathy | #1 |
| ammoniainduced decrease | #1 |
| thalamus symptomatic | #1 |
| veratramines action parachlorophenylalanine | #1 |
| transverese friedreich ataxia | #1 |
| disorder isomorphic model | #1 |
| astrocytic integrity | #1 |
| treatment lola | #1 |
| acute chronic hyperammonemia | #1 |
| nonvulnerable fpc | #1 |
| copper pallidum | #1 |
| regional variation bckdh | #1 |
| failure amino | #1 |
| tk activity onset | #1 |
| receptors thiamine | #1 |
| mbr decreased expression | #1 |
| 57 caudate putamen | #1 |
| hereditary familial hyperbilirubinemia | #1 |
| surgical rats rats | #1 |
| investigator neurological disorders | #1 |
| atp free coa | #1 |
| ammonia toxins | #1 |
| lornithinelaspartate prevention | #1 |
| chat loss | #1 |
| 3hkainate sites | #1 |
| rats insulin hypoglycaemia | #1 |
| pathogenesis wernicke | #1 |
| model human disorder | #1 |
| indwelling cisterna | #1 |
| “peripheraltype | #1 |
| edema complications | #1 |
| severity brain edema | #1 |
| csf lactate accumulation | #1 |
| ammonia increased expression | #1 |
| absence wernickes encephalopathy | #1 |
| rats probenecid treatment | #1 |
| hippocampus cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| encephalopathy new | #1 |
| increased activities tdpase | #1 |
| neurotransmitter function | #1 |
| development nutritional recommendations | #1 |
| loss nmda | #1 |
| neuromodulatory site | #1 |
| fig dansyl | #1 |
| brain edema rats | #1 |
| ammonia acute | #1 |
| ammonia metabolism disorders | #1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorder evidence | #1 |
| acquired hyperammonemic | #1 |
| cerebellar concentration aspartate | #1 |
| alf include | #1 |
| alcoholrelated brain dysfunction | #1 |
| term fluorescence phenomenon | #1 |
| circulating ammonia | #1 |
| hepatic glt1 | #1 |
| mild hypothermia onset | #1 |
| gabaaassociated receptors | #1 |
| molecular standpoint | #1 |
| taurine electrolyte balance | #1 |
| increased brain | #1 |
| ammonia cns function | #1 |
| deficiency wernicke | #1 |
| inhibitors acute hyperammonemia | #1 |
| reactive gliosis contrast | #1 |
| astrocytic accumulation glutamine | #1 |
| pse probenecid | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency appearance | #1 |
| daily injections thiamine | #1 |
| hyperglycemic focal | #1 |
| findings reported increase | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency humans | #1 |
| focal lactic acidosis | #1 |
| hyperammonemia accounts | #1 |
| alterations brain dopamine | #1 |
| components brain glutamate | #1 |
| key astrocytic proteins | #1 |
| encephalopathy cau | #1 |
| edema glutamine | #1 |
| alf messenger | #1 |
| tissue cirrhotic | #1 |
| encephalopathy activities | #1 |
| age time interval | #1 |
| olivopontocerebellar atrophy expression | #1 |
| restricted transfer cell | #1 |
| deficiency transketolase | #1 |
| selectively increased | #1 |
| ammonia increased production | #1 |
| isoquinolinebinding moiety | #1 |
| etanercept decreased plasma | #1 |
| onset hypoglycaemic convulsions | #1 |
| patient olivopontocerebellar atrophy | #1 |
| effective urea cycle | #1 |
| decreased tdp concentrations | #1 |
| congenital otc deficiencies | #1 |
| h1 receptor density | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency neurons | #1 |
| encephalopathy expression | #1 |
| flunitrazepam modulation | #1 |
| brain pca rats | #1 |
| alf alterations | #1 |
| cns pca | #1 |
| ptbrs | #1 |
| aspartate pons | #1 |
| thalamus wernicke encephalopathy | #1 |
| comatose rats | #1 |
| magna catheter | #1 |
| bzrls | #1 |
| rats varying degrees | #1 |
| regionselective increases | #1 |
| glast protein day | #1 |
| edema energy | #1 |
| nakatpase activities striatum | #1 |
| cirrhotic brain tissue | #1 |
| 2 7fold increases | #1 |
| capacity cerebral cortex | #1 |
| alf relation | #1 |
| ammonialowering strategies | #1 |
| severe liver atrophy | #1 |
| pyrithiamine treatment | #1 |
| ro15 10 microm | #1 |
| previous exposure benzodiazepines | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency result | #1 |
| kidney portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| fco cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| portacaval shunting hyperammonemia | #1 |
| neurosteroids pregnenolone allopregnanolone | #1 |
| brain consequent increases | #1 |
| glutamine synthetase protein | #1 |
| cox2 ca1 subfield | #1 |
| predilection neuropathologic damage | #1 |
| exposure proinflammatory | #1 |
| offspring animal pyruvate | #1 |
| pathogenesis clinic | #1 |
| ptbr nnos | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency decreases | #1 |
| 3hpk11195 binding | #1 |
| coa levels brain | #1 |
| isomorphic model predictions | #1 |
| mild hypothermia prevention | #1 |
| disorder thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| cultured cells mrna | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient encephalopathy | #1 |
| hypoglycaemia cerebral cortex | #1 |
| regionselective alterations | #1 |
| deficiency tritium | #1 |
| oatreated rats alf | #1 |
| 100 microm manganese | #1 |
| stages encephalopathy | #1 |
| pss rats | #1 |
| acute neurons mechanisms | #1 |
| coma stages | #1 |
| autopsy brain choline | #1 |
| betaactin housekeeping gene | #1 |
| muscle ammonia removal | #1 |
| ptbr complex | #1 |
| induction epileptic patients | #1 |
| 2 mm ammonia | #1 |
| failure ammonia | #1 |
| finding loss | #1 |
| doses lcarnitine | #1 |
| thalamus pyrithiamine treatment | #1 |
| alf precise role | #1 |
| disorder portalsystemic encephalopathy | #1 |
| pyrithiamine quinuclidinyl | #1 |
| surgical portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| 24 hours pca | #1 |
| ohe mhe patients | #1 |
| wernickekorsakoff syndrome disturbances | #1 |
| brain altered expression | #1 |
| igg extravasation expression | #1 |
| peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptors | #1 |
| rats ouabain pyrimethamine | #1 |
| shunting hyperammonemia rats | #1 |
| etanercept il6 levels | #1 |
| increased gabaergic | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency brains | #1 |
| frontal cortex fco | #1 |
| region selective | #1 |
| altered thiamine neurochemistry | #1 |
| alterations neurological alterations | #1 |
| pca increased | #1 |
| chronic hyperammonemia syndromes | #1 |
| coma pathophysiologic basis | #1 |
| compounds pyrithiamine | #1 |
| nmda receptor alf | #1 |
| edema acute | #1 |
| maximal binding absence | #1 |
| 3hpk11195 rats | #1 |
| brain astrocytes alterations | #1 |
| mbr astrocytes | #1 |
| serotonin precursor metabolite | #1 |
| animal pyridinium | #1 |
| brain thiamine metabolism | #1 |
| 3hpk11195 binding sites | #1 |
| alpha1 isoform ec50 | #1 |
| portacavalshunted rats protective | #1 |
| loss righting reflexes | #1 |
| encephalopathy adult | #1 |
| treatment mild encephalopathy | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy neurobiology | #1 |
| relation energy metabolism | #1 |
| evidence thiamine deprivation | #1 |
| portacavalshunting | #1 |
| result manganese deposition | #1 |
| kgdh decreased | #1 |
| vulnerable medial | #1 |
| medium kcl | #1 |
| modulators hepatic | #1 |
| decreased detoxification ammonia | #1 |
| deficiency selective | #1 |
| agents metabolic potential | #1 |
| electroencephalogram tracings | #1 |
| pyrithiamine pyruvate | #1 |
| increased brain concentrations | #1 |
| primary energy failure | #1 |
| ligand 3hpk11195 | #1 |
| neurotransmitter alterations prevention | #1 |
| central thiamine | #1 |
| elucidation neurotransmitter | #1 |
| ” benzodiazepine | #1 |
| nimesulide thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| predictive model investigator | #1 |
| pss degree | #1 |
| αkgdh onset | #1 |
| ptbribp frontal cortex | #1 |
| prior detoxification liver | #1 |
| coma stages encephalopathy | #1 |
| findings ammonia | #1 |
| type astrocytosis | #1 |
| l‐deprenyl treatment | #1 |
| acute hyperammonemic syndromes | #1 |
| lola treatment | #1 |
| encephalopathy pse | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient ataxic gait | #1 |
| selective ptbr ligand | #1 |
| astrocyte undergoes | #1 |
| exp assessment | #1 |
| encephalopathy neuropsychiatric | #1 |
| veratramines action | #1 |
| pse portalsystemic shunting | #1 |
| 3h 11195 | #1 |
| proinflammatory cytokines strategies | #1 |
| lola efficacy | #1 |
| peripheral steroidal sources | #1 |
| prevention ammoniaprecipitated coma | #1 |
| cerebral levels glutamine | #1 |
| pca rats | #1 |
| acute male microglia | #1 |
| ptbr increased expression | #1 |
| mild hypothermia alf | #1 |
| portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| cuznsod cox2 | #1 |
| pse increased densities | #1 |
| grc integrity | #1 |
| ohe prevention prophylaxis | #1 |
| flunitrazepam hepatic | #1 |
| csf concentrations ammonia | #1 |
| surgical probenecid | #1 |
| chronic thiamine deprivation | #1 |
| mental state grade | #1 |
| glutamine synthetase activities | #1 |
| glut1 alf | #1 |
| alterations 3h8ohdpat | #1 |
| devascularized rat | #1 |
| lumbar gray matter | #1 |
| maob encephalopathy humans | #1 |
| brain ammonia pca | #1 |
| dawley ammonia | #1 |
| specific l3hnoarg binding | #1 |
| tmpase tdpase | #1 |
| reduction mild hypothermia | #1 |
| 3htryptamine receptor | #1 |
| histamine receptor sites | #1 |
| hepatic microcirculation patients | #1 |
| genetic xlinked deficiency | #1 |
| noradrenaline transporter sites | #1 |
| increased densities | #1 |
| region‐selective alterations | #1 |
| human brain ammonia | #1 |
| hypoglycaemic convulsions | #1 |
| rat wernickes encephalopathy | #1 |
| nacl calcium | #1 |
| spraguedawley statistics immunohistochemistry | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient medium | #1 |
| distribution 3htryptamine | #1 |
| modulation nitric oxide | #1 |
| hypoglycaemia onset | #1 |
| region selective alterations | #1 |
| encephalopathy selective loss | #1 |
| ligase hepatic | #1 |
| ptbr brain | #1 |
| experimental model metabolic | #1 |
| normalisation enzyme activities | #1 |
| congenital hyperammonemia nakatpase | #1 |
| csf concentrations bzrls | #1 |
| pfco cau | #1 |
| cirrhotic patients densities | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency bckdh | #1 |
| initial reports pathogenesis | #1 |
| brain pse | #1 |
| encephalopathy brain | #1 |
| nac animal hepatic | #1 |
| relation sustained hyperammonemia | #1 |
| oatreated rats | #1 |
| densities 3hpk11195 sites | #1 |
| caudate nucleus cau | #1 |
| ptbr mrna levels | #1 |
| metabolic scavengers | #1 |
| normal limits findings | #1 |
| pcs rats protective | #1 |
| alf nmda receptor | #1 |
| manganese extrapyramidal symptoms | #1 |
| alf rats expression | #1 |
| etanercept hepatic | #1 |
| downregulation glutamate transporter | #1 |
| xlinked inherited defect | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency expression | #1 |
| shunted dogs | #1 |
| routine neurological evaluation | #1 |
| 90 fmol protein | #1 |
| 7 thiaminedeficient medium | #1 |
| bilirubin ataxics | #1 |
| nh4ac rats | #1 |
| rats pca | #1 |
| experimental alf increases | #1 |
| lornithine laspartate ammonia | #1 |
| neuroinflammation alf | #1 |
| cox2 il1beta mrna | #1 |
| induction astrocytic cox2 | #1 |
| 3hpk cultured astrocytes | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency encephalopathy | #1 |
| alf37 alf37 degrees | #1 |
| cerebral cortex pca | #1 |
| αkgdh | #1 |
| brain portacaval | #1 |
| alterations expression result | #1 |
| cirrhosis ammonia hepatic | #1 |
| thiamine neurochemistry | #1 |
| igg extravasation reduction | #1 |
| hypothermia brain | #1 |
| manganese etiology | #1 |
| methylspiperone pet | #1 |
| nac aom | #1 |
| aom nac | #1 |
| ucds liver failure | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy activation | #1 |
| histamine caudate putamen | #1 |
| liver failure increases | #1 |
| muscle portacaval shunting | #1 |
| selective alterations | #1 |
| relationship blood manganese | #1 |
| ammonia brain | #1 |
| lola effective | #1 |
| pca penicillamine | #1 |
| activities neuronal | #1 |
| brain major | #1 |
| 8 cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| cerebellum 22 | #1 |
| cerebral cortex hypokinesia | #1 |
| older cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| rats hepatic devascularization | #1 |
| nh4 neurons | #1 |
| etanercept aom | #1 |
| lactate medial thalamus | #1 |
| primary astrocytopathy | #1 |
| brain dysfunction pse | #1 |
| alf rats | #1 |
| cerebral γ‐aminobutyric acid | #1 |
| brain prominent neurotoxin | #1 |
| 3acetyl pyridine rats | #1 |
| nakatpase activity thalamus | #1 |
| therapeutic efficacy lcarnitine | #1 |
| ptbr densities | #1 |
| dehydrogenase complex transketolase | #1 |
| result toxins | #1 |
| pse lornithinelaspartate | #1 |
| regional lactate levels | #1 |
| glut1 expression alf | #1 |
| lola reductions | #1 |
| pdhc step | #1 |
| ammonia removal brain | #1 |
| perivenous hepatocytes brain | #1 |
| l‐3harginine | #1 |
| fluid taurine | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathies | #1 |
| affinity ptbr | #1 |
| ligand3hpk11195 | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy cirrhosis | #1 |
| experimental portacaval shunt | #1 |
| pca brainstem | #1 |
| deterioration neurological status | #1 |
| spf mice activities | #1 |
| hereferences | #1 |
| encephalopathy animals | #1 |
| ammonia liver failure | #1 |
| microglia evidence | #1 |
| effects ammonia | #1 |
| pca rats phosphate | #1 |
| plasma clearance halflife | #1 |
| portacaval pcs rats | #1 |
| metabolites term fluorescence | #1 |
| omega 3 receptor | #1 |
| maternal thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| onset brain edema | #1 |
| relation deterioration | #1 |
| precoma | #1 |
| 15–1788 plasma levels | #1 |
| experimental portal | #1 |
| enos gene deletion | #1 |
| encephalopathy increased | #1 |
| liver pca rats | #1 |
| seesection | #1 |
| lola mental state | #1 |
| alf hepatic | #1 |
| alf effects | #1 |
| parkinsonism cirrhosis | #1 |
| brain edema encephalopathy | #1 |
| increased csf lactate | #1 |
| nonsclerotic tle patients | #1 |
| alf neuroinflammation | #1 |
| tdpase encephalopathy humans | #1 |
| cyclase content | #1 |
| loss thiamine | #1 |
| encephalopathy vivo | #1 |
| thiamine monophosphatetmp | #1 |
| material equal | #1 |
| alzheimertype astrocytosis | #1 |
| surgical rna messenger | #1 |
| tnfα delayed progression | #1 |
| opioid encephalopathy humans | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency alcoholics | #1 |
| sgc activation brain | #1 |
| combined metabolic stresses | #1 |
| cell swelling major | #1 |
| neurobiology hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| taurines role | #1 |
| brain portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| rats metallic | #1 |
| superoxide dismutase rat | #1 |
| cirrhosis nature | #1 |
| anastomosis ammonia | #1 |
| increased levels allopregnanolone | #1 |
| reduction bbb breakdown | #1 |
| brain edema complications | #1 |
| otc deficiency activities | #1 |
| ptbribp | #1 |
| presence brain extracts | #1 |
| neurological symptoms normalisation | #1 |
| pathogenesis wernickekorsakoff syndrome | #1 |
| alterations pse | #1 |
| experimental thiamine | #1 |
| brains alf rats | #1 |
| congenital otc deficiency | #1 |
| dissected brain tissue | #1 |
| severity akinesia | #1 |
| minocyclinetreated alf rats | #1 |
| activation ptbr | #1 |
| caveolin1 pathway | #1 |
| alf glucose | #1 |
| pca beta endorphin | #1 |
| 071−084 | #1 |
| betaep brain | #1 |
| free coa atp | #1 |
| mice encephalopathy | #1 |
| deficiency prior | #1 |
| 6hydroxydopamine anterolateral hypothalamus | #1 |
| liver failure upregulation | #1 |
| tissues spf mice | #1 |
| key astrocytic | #1 |
| mild hypothermia delay | #1 |
| neurological disorders selection | #1 |
| 15–1788 | #1 |
| amines hepatic | #1 |
| encephalopathy binding | #1 |
| portacaval | #1 |
| congenital hyperammonemia lcarnitine | #1 |
| congenital otc | #1 |
| spf mouse | #1 |
| taurine microsomes | #1 |
| animal hepatectomy hepatitis | #1 |
| central thiamine antagonist | #1 |
| dehydrogenase complex friedreichs | #1 |
| ptbr alterations | #1 |
| cerebral energy deficit | #1 |
| cell damage mechanisms | #1 |
| pfco frontal cortex | #1 |
| rats antisense elements | #1 |
| brain ammonia reduction | #1 |
| alzheimer type astrocytosis | #1 |
| symptoms wernicke | #1 |
| autopsy cirrhotic | #1 |
| receptor ptbr | #1 |
| ptbr mrna thalamus | #1 |
| friedreichs ataxia dehydrogenase | #1 |
| alf37 degrees | #1 |
| sparsefur spf mice | #1 |
| ammonia intoxication rats | #1 |
| hypothermia prevents | #1 |
| selective reversible decreases | #1 |
| rats thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| lactate brain regions | #1 |
| nh4cl glutamate release | #1 |
| direct evidence rats | #1 |
| vivo cerebral microdialysis | #1 |
| caudate putamen concentrations | #1 |
| expression glyt1 transporter | #1 |
| cytokines mild | #1 |
| key astroglial proteins | #1 |
| cox2 cuznsod | #1 |
| 3hpk11195 ligands | #1 |
| specific energy metabolism | #1 |
| pathogenesis neuronal loss | #1 |
| animals thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| liver failure alterations | #1 |
| ammonia central | #1 |
| ammonium acetate challenge | #1 |
| early astrocytic response | #1 |
| etanercepttreated alf mice | #1 |
| expression ptbrs | #1 |
| progression thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| pdhc activities | #1 |
| blood ammonia md | #1 |
| thalamus vulnerable region | #1 |
| alf increases | #1 |
| failure brain | #1 |
| hepatic coma patients | #1 |
| markedly impaired | #1 |
| medial thalamus day | #1 |
| alf restricted transfer | #1 |
| pathogenesis cerebral complications | #1 |
| thiamine‐dependent enzymes | #1 |
| pca cns | #1 |
| appearance neurological symptoms | #1 |
| familial hyperbilirubinemia | #1 |
| azoxymethane toxicity | #1 |
| sites ptbr | #1 |
| neurosteroids hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| glutamine synthetase capacity | #1 |
| propanolamines putamen rats | #1 |
| glutamate originating | #1 |
| neuropathologic damage | #1 |
| lcarnitine energy metabolites | #1 |
| sgc activation lymphocytes | #1 |
| normal conditions kidney | #1 |
| alf aom | #1 |
| pallidal signal hyperintensity | #1 |
| l‐3hnitroarginine | #1 |
| proinflammatory mechanisms pathogenesis | #1 |
| cau cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| portacaval shunting activities | #1 |
| csf ammonia control | #1 |
| loss transporter sites | #1 |
| enzyme perivenous hepatocytes | #1 |
| symptomatic pyrithiamine | #1 |
| occludin medial thalamus | #1 |
| normothermic alf rats | #1 |
| dipeptides hepatic | #1 |
| psychometric testing falls | #1 |
| therapy refractive tle | #1 |
| ammonia mechanisms | #1 |
| hippocampal sclerosis induction | #1 |
| hypothesis hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| plasma alf rats | #1 |
| wernickes encephalopathy humans | #1 |
| microglial activation protective | #1 |
| pse neurotransmitter agents | #1 |
| 3hcitalopram sites | #1 |
| benzodiazepine site contrast | #1 |
| major role mechanisms | #1 |
| dose dependent swelling | #1 |
| encephalopathy sham | #1 |
| alf35 | #1 |
| pugh score iii | #1 |
| encephalopathy central | #1 |
| benzoate spf | #1 |
| human hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| seasonal ataxia | #1 |
| alcohol‐thiamine interactions | #1 |
| mhe clinical practice | #1 |
| humans wernickes encephalopathy | #1 |
| aqp4 proinflammatory mediators | #1 |
| expression hyperglycemic | #1 |
| 3htryptamine receptors | #1 |
| caudate putamen sum | #1 |
| brain levels dheas | #1 |
| aom treatment alf | #1 |
| diabetes ataxia humans | #1 |
| thiamine daily administration | #1 |
| rtpcr experiments messenger | #1 |
| precise role glutamine | #1 |
| local brain production | #1 |
| portacaval anastomosis brain | #1 |
| glutamine astrocyte | #1 |
| coma edema stages | #1 |
| progression prevention | #1 |
| pregnenolone brain tissue | #1 |
| jadad cochrane ohe | #1 |
| pca operation | #1 |
| ammoniaprecipitated coma | #1 |
| administration novo synthesis | #1 |
| ammonia exposure brain | #1 |
| clf alf | #1 |
| hyperammonemic spf mice | #1 |
| cirrhosis vicious cycle | #1 |
| reversal neurological symptoms | #1 |
| ethanol preference ratio | #1 |
| previous portacaval anastomoses | #1 |
| vicious cycle sarcopenia | #1 |
| alcoholic manganese | #1 |
| male pyrithiamine | #1 |
| direct hepatoprotective effects | #1 |
| inhibitory nh4cl | #1 |
| bloodborne ammonia | #1 |
| hypermmonemia | #1 |
| psychometric testing risk | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy authors | #1 |
| osmotic disturbance | #1 |
| etanercept biological plausibility | #1 |
| cirrhosis extrapyramidal symptoms | #1 |
| lcarnitinetreated | #1 |
| cns wernickekorsakoff | #1 |
| manganese phosphate mmt | #1 |
| encephalopathy nitrogen | #1 |
| manifest altered expression | #1 |
| decarboxylase hepatic | #1 |
| wernickes encephalopathy aids | #1 |
| antagonist pyrithiamine | #1 |
| atp acetyl coa | #1 |
| pse surgical probenecid | #1 |
| astrocytic proteins | #1 |
| encephalopathy zidovudine | #1 |
| daily pyrithiamine treatment | #1 |
| alf amino | #1 |
| synthesis intercellular transport | #1 |
| serotonin transporter deficit | #1 |
| manganese pathogenesis | #1 |
| 70 tk | #1 |
| restricted transfer glutamine | #1 |
| portacaval anastomosis tips | #1 |
| findings therapeutic efficacy | #1 |
| nnos expression result | #1 |
| pathogenesis hyperammonemic syndromes | #1 |
| pca portacaval shunt | #1 |
| alf azoxymethane | #1 |
| 3865 258 nm | #1 |
| encephalopathy alf | #1 |
| capacity ammonia removal | #1 |
| pathogenesis brain | #1 |
| pons gaba content | #1 |
| increases glutamine | #1 |
| dha administration mnsod | #1 |
| pathogenesis pse | #1 |
| removal bloodborne ammonia | #1 |
| serum lad friedreich | #1 |
| increased expression ptbribp | #1 |
| gaba 11 | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency 23 | #1 |
| selective loss | #1 |
| peripheral inflammation etanercept | #1 |
| encephalopathy il1beta | #1 |
| protein coma stages | #1 |
| severe pse | #1 |
| 15–1788 pharmacokinetics | #1 |
| tdwt mice | #1 |
| cirrhosis psychometric testing | #1 |
| ammonium acetate administration | #1 |
| brain liver failure | #1 |
| ammoniainduced inhibition | #1 |
| update hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| precoma coma stages | #1 |
| ouabain pyrimethamine rats | #1 |
| ammonialowering agents | #1 |
| thalamus thiaminedeficient rats | #1 |
| edema encephalopathy | #1 |
| pallidal binding sites | #1 |
| pca increased densities | #1 |
| testis densities | #1 |
| proinflammatory mechanisms | #1 |
| dehydrogenase αkgdh | #1 |
| cerebrospinal fluid ammonia | #1 |
| brain ammonia removal | #1 |
| liver dysfunction findings | #1 |
| inflammation thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| stress encephalopathy | #1 |
| ethanol nutritional deficit | #1 |
| acids aaas | #1 |
| phenols fig 1structure | #1 |
| cerebral disorder | #1 |
| rats portacaval | #1 |
| ptbrs portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| perivascular endothelial cells | #1 |
| 1 lola | #1 |
| binding sites cerebellum | #1 |
| thiaminedependent enzymes establishment | #1 |
| reduction cognitive dysfunction | #1 |
| subjects transport defect | #1 |
| liver pathology increases | #1 |
| reflex selective decreases | #1 |
| decreased expression glt1 | #1 |
| activities maob | #1 |
| ptbr sites | #1 |
| stages igg immunohistochemistry | #1 |
| 3hpk11195 | #1 |
| encephalopathy | #1 |
| pbg pbgd | #1 |
| concomitantly increased | #1 |
| expression astrocytic | #1 |
| 15–1788 kinetics | #1 |
| fasting intravenous injection | #1 |
| hepatic coma bbb | #1 |
| rats direct evidence | #1 |
| pglycoprotein willebrand factor | #1 |
| portacaval‐shunted rat | #1 |
| 10 microm flumazenil | #1 |
| lola prevention | #1 |
| measurement aqp4 levels | #1 |
| azoxymethane bloodbrain barrier | #1 |
| dawley thiamine | #1 |
| transketolase tk activities | #1 |
| preference pca | #1 |
| pca loss | #1 |
| mutant spf | #1 |
| neurological syndrome nature | #1 |
| prevention brain edema | #1 |
| normal cd1 | #1 |
| circulating neurotoxins | #1 |
| autopsied brain tissue | #1 |
| maternal thiamine | #1 |
| rats coma | #1 |
| alf mice deletion | #1 |
| dying hepatic | #1 |
| evidence otc deficiency | #1 |
| s‐3h5‐fluorowillardiine | #1 |
| polyclonal antibody glt1 | #1 |
| increased brain content | #1 |
| blood manganese etiology | #1 |
| loss gfap expression | #1 |
| αkgdh activities | #1 |
| additional thiamine | #1 |
| receptors pca | #1 |
| acquired hyperammonemia | #1 |
| glutaminecycle | #1 |
| subclass sites | #1 |
| ampa sites | #1 |
| cirrhotic patients cau | #1 |
| brain ammonia measurement | #1 |
| alf animals expression | #1 |
| mild hypothermia reduction | #1 |
| pca rats patients | #1 |
| congenital acquired hyperammonemia | #1 |
| neuroinflammatory mechanisms pathogenesis | #1 |
| autopsied frontal cortex | #1 |
| degree shunting hyperammonemia | #1 |
| isoquinoline benzodiazepine ligands | #1 |
| cirrhotic patients benzodiazepines | #1 |
| exposure azoxymethane | #1 |
| pss dopamine hepatic | #1 |
| decreased pdhc | #1 |
| osmotic actions | #1 |
| gabaa neurosteroids | #1 |
| nacl taurine | #1 |
| nonvulnerable frontal cortex | #1 |
| etanercept treatment reduction | #1 |
| surgical rna | #1 |
| glt1 transporter proteins | #1 |
| neurological symptoms encephalopathy | #1 |
| exclusion brain diseases | #1 |
| pbz receptor densities | #1 |
| flumazenil cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| pregnanolone brain chemistry | #1 |
| wks spraguedawley receptors | #1 |
| hyperammonaemia brain function | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient encephalopathy implications | #1 |
| liver failure modulation | #1 |
| control alf37 | #1 |
| interferongamma brains | #1 |
| cloned rat ptbr | #1 |
| ptbr mrna | #1 |
| alterations increased expression | #1 |
| csf lactate pse | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient mothers | #1 |
| congenitally hyperammonemic | #1 |
| disorders ammonia metabolism | #1 |
| 3hpk11195 human brain | #1 |
| astrocyte morphology alterations | #1 |
| alf evidence | #1 |
| pathogenesis hepatic | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient medium 7 | #1 |
| monoaminergic synaptic function | #1 |
| effective approach onset | #1 |
| fur spf | #1 |
| nac normalization | #1 |
| pharmacological manipulation ptbr | #1 |
| regions pyrithiamine | #1 |
| “ peripheral | #1 |
| pca encephalopathy humans | #1 |
| reduced thiamine intake | #1 |
| pca astrocytic | #1 |
| accumulate brain | #1 |
| gut ammonia | #1 |
| mm nacl nacl | #1 |
| increased binding sites | #1 |
| disease outcome prevention | #1 |
| taurine hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| cns complications alf | #1 |
| rats fpc | #1 |
| pyrithiamine rats | #1 |
| poor nutrition vitamin | #1 |
| immunohistochemistry cox2 immunoreactivity | #1 |
| encephalopathy histamine humans | #1 |
| 5mm nh4cl p0001 | #1 |
| cerebral aminoacids | #1 |
| cerebellar concentration | #1 |
| aom mice | #1 |
| p005 5mm nh4cl | #1 |
| serum lad patients | #1 |
| postshunt myelopathy | #1 |
| wellestablished actions | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency synthesis | #1 |
| encephalopathy alf rats | #1 |
| concentrations olfactory bulb | #1 |
| alf hypothermia | #1 |
| cirrhosis brain dysfunction | #1 |
| glutamate exposure ammonia | #1 |
| shunting hyperammonemia | #1 |
| prevention brain | #1 |
| 25mm nh4cl p005 | #1 |
| pbz binding site | #1 |
| fco cau | #1 |
| brain pregnant rats | #1 |
| mechanisms brain edema | #1 |
| alf therapeutic | #1 |
| genes brain edema | #1 |
| electroencephalogram tracings patients | #1 |
| astrocytic glycine | #1 |
| ptbr ligand 3hpk11195 | #1 |
| acute hyperammonemia activation | #1 |
| pfco cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| pbgd mrna expression | #1 |
| cox2 cuznsod mrna | #1 |
| reversal antiparkinson drugs | #1 |
| death wernicke | #1 |
| thalamus thiamine | #1 |
| activities alpha kgdh | #1 |
| mg2dependentatpase | #1 |
| frontal cortex exp | #1 |
| prevention ohe | #1 |
| response alf | #1 |
| increased gabaergic tone | #1 |
| encephalopathy cirrhosis | #1 |
| glucose loading precipitates | #1 |
| assessment locomotor activities | #1 |
| azoxymethane mouse model | #1 |
| brain glutamine severity | #1 |
| hepatic abnormality characteristics | #1 |
| enzyme activities loss | #1 |
| brain ptbr | #1 |
| disproportionately levels | #1 |
| selective damage pdhc | #1 |
| novo synthesis gaba | #1 |
| portalsystemic encephalopathy pse | #1 |
| free neurological | #1 |
| regionselective reductions | #1 |
| brain osmolytes | #1 |
| radioenzymatic assays activities | #1 |
| protective pathogenesis | #1 |
| hypokinesia stereotaxic microinjection | #1 |
| ” benzodiazepine receptors | #1 |
| bzrls cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| reduction brain ammonia | #1 |
| sites thiamine | #1 |
| anastomosis pca | #1 |
| spectrum neuropsychiatric abnormalities | #1 |
| acute symptomatic animals | #1 |
| akinesia rats | #1 |
| hypothermia delay | #1 |
| neuroinflammation liver failure | #1 |
| encephalopathy humans pallidus | #1 |
| azoxymethane mouse | #1 |
| rtpcr experiments betaactin | #1 |
| clinicallydefined entities | #1 |
| daily injections ldeprenyl | #1 |
| csf benzodiazepine | #1 |
| animal model encephalopathy | #1 |
| nh4oac administration | #1 |
| ammonia mrna | #1 |
| reversible symptoms | #1 |
| pfco | #1 |
| mrnas ampa receptor | #1 |
| glyt1 mrna | #1 |
| unchanged brain | #1 |
| heneuropathology | #1 |
| investigator predictions | #1 |
| spine neurochemical | #1 |
| pathophysiology hepatic | #1 |
| nh4cl glutamates hippocampus | #1 |
| progression encephalopathy | #1 |
| ptbr ligand | #1 |
| binding sites 3hpk11195 | #1 |
| rats surgical probenecid | #1 |
| alf brain edema | #1 |
| ouabain pyrimethamine | #1 |
| bioaccumulation neuropathology | #1 |
| brain hepatic | #1 |
| precise nature | #1 |
| animal liver failure | #1 |
| hypothermia ammonia | #1 |
| ammonia pca | #1 |
| catecholaminelike trace amines | #1 |
| precipitation severe stages | #1 |
| albumin dialysis systems | #1 |
| hepatic devascularized rats | #1 |
| tissue distribution neuropathology | #1 |
| friedreich gilbert | #1 |
| concentrations serotonin precursor | #1 |
| glt1 encephalopathy humans | #1 |
| shunted rat | #1 |
| pse csf lactate | #1 |
| lcarnitine doses | #1 |
| in3hpk11195 binding sites | #1 |
| portocaval shunting activities | #1 |
| reflex pdhc activities | #1 |
| 202 55 nm | #1 |
| dawley amino | #1 |
| activation brain ptbr | #1 |
| protective portacavalshunted rats | #1 |
| increased activity katpase | #1 |
| aom mice nac | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy activities | #1 |
| integrity gabaa receptors | #1 |
| encephalopathy humans opioid | #1 |
| astrocytic accumulation | #1 |
| cns relation | #1 |
| liver spf mice | #1 |
| pharmaceutical benzodiazepine | #1 |
| 3h8ohdpat frontal cortex | #1 |
| hyperammonemia aaas | #1 |
| mhe life | #1 |
| 25mm nh4cl | #1 |
| fastigial interpositus | #1 |
| normal conditions gut | #1 |
| haloperidol humans haloperiodol | #1 |
| hyperammonemic sparse | #1 |
| nacetylcysteine cerebral complications | #1 |
| pse complication | #1 |
| brain congenital | #1 |
| bbb permeability alf | #1 |
| platelet taurine uptake | #1 |
| transketolase enzyme activities | #1 |
| maoa activities cerebellum | #1 |
| pse altered expression | #1 |
| ptbr expression pathogenesis | #1 |
| role endogenous benzodiazepines | #1 |
| ldeprenyl thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| blood ammonia concentrations | #1 |
| alf animal hypothermia | #1 |
| prevents brain | #1 |
| neuroinhibitory steroid | #1 |
| effective approach prevention | #1 |
| wistar receptors pca | #1 |
| findings neuroinflammatory response | #1 |
| ligand3h | #1 |
| encephalopathy prevention | #1 |
| tdpase tdpase activities | #1 |
| died hepatic | #1 |
| kgdh activities | #1 |
| rats acute | #1 |
| r071–084 | #1 |
| densities 3hpk11195 | #1 |
| 3hcitalopram sites rats | #1 |
| region‐selective | #1 |
| pathogenesis portalsystemic encephalopathy | #1 |
| ldopa octopamine | #1 |
| increased synthesis cell | #1 |
| neuroprotection onset | #1 |
| sustained hyperammonemia pca | #1 |
| ammonia normal conditions | #1 |
| content pallidum | #1 |
| that11cpk11195 | #1 |
| 001 cerebral | #1 |
| sodium benzoate atp | #1 |
| freechoice drinking paradigm | #1 |
| alf rats precoma | #1 |
| portalsystemic encephalopathy | #1 |
| loss tdpase activities | #1 |
| glucose loading decreases | #1 |
| astrocyticneuronal cross | #1 |
| akgdh | #1 |
| inherited ataxias characteristics | #1 |
| encephalopathy alcoholic | #1 |
| glur3 subunits opca | #1 |
| brain glutamine | #1 |
| encephalopathy hypothermia | #1 |
| alterations receptor sites | #1 |
| reduced astrocytic uptake | #1 |
| monoamines hplc | #1 |
| atrophy brain glutamate | #1 |
| encephalopathy cerebral edema | #1 |
| glast spraguedawley statistics | #1 |
| cerebral hepatic levels | #1 |
| experimental thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| hepatocerebral disorders | #1 |
| loss 3hcitalopram sites | #1 |
| brain herniation alf | #1 |
| pathogenesis wernicke encephalopathy | #1 |
| activities thiamine | #1 |
| ohe cirrhosis | #1 |
| brain regions pyrithiamine | #1 |
| brains increased concentrations | #1 |
| oxotremorine particle size | #1 |
| shunted rats presence | #1 |
| pbgd rat model | #1 |
| homogenates cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| malnutrition hepatic failure | #1 |
| dismutase hyperglycemic | #1 |
| pathogenetic defect | #1 |
| gabaa ammonia animals | #1 |
| pca ethanol | #1 |
| brains spf mice | #1 |
| mmt manganese phosphate | #1 |
| novo synthesis aspartate | #1 |
| measured homogenates | #1 |
| mechanisms wemickes encephalopathy | #1 |
| alterations brain glutamate | #1 |
| lipopolysaccharide precipitates | #1 |
| pca portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| pathogenesis brain edema | #1 |
| hyperammonemic pathologies | #1 |
| surgical probenecid rats | #1 |
| increased brain ammonia | #1 |
| ω3 receptor | #1 |
| hyperammonemic syndromes | #1 |
| brain levels tmp | #1 |
| locomotor activities difference | #1 |
| azoxymethane brain | #1 |
| failure hepatic | #1 |
| induced stereotyped behavior | #1 |
| stress alf | #1 |
| ptbr | #1 |
| cerebellum sustained hyperammonemia | #1 |
| ldopa trace amines | #1 |
| widespread alterations | #1 |
| densities ptbr sites | #1 |
| 3hnisoxetine sites | #1 |
| varying degrees pss | #1 |
| hepatic microcirculation addition | #1 |
| iii flumazenil | #1 |
| experimental pse | #1 |
| ngnitrol3harginine | #1 |
| pathogenesis hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| ammonia central nervous | #1 |
| 5mm nh4cl | #1 |
| improvements hepatic microcirculation | #1 |
| alf37 | #1 |
| action ro15 | #1 |
| ammonia major roles | #1 |
| neuroinflammatory response alf | #1 |
| rat sustained hyperammonemia | #1 |
| portacavalshunted pcs rats | #1 |
| chronic hyperammonemic syndromes | #1 |
| modulatory sites | #1 |
| atp free coenzyme | #1 |
| lipoamide dehydrogenase lad | #1 |
| action acute hyperammonemia | #1 |
| ligand3hpirenzepine | #1 |
| friedreichs ataxia thiaminedeficient | #1 |
| liver normal cd1 | #1 |
| lad platelets | #1 |
| muscarinic m1 sites | #1 |
| receptor cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| loss 3hnisoxetine sites | #1 |
| neuroinflammationinflammation | #1 |
| astrocytic glycine transporter | #1 |
| neuronal crosstalk | #1 |
| neuronal thalamus | #1 |
| pca activities | #1 |
| nac neurological complications | #1 |
| pyrithiamine | #1 |
| hypokinesia et495 | #1 |
| nh4 forms neurons | #1 |
| genes astrocytic proteins | #1 |
| blood ammonia improvement | #1 |
| ptbr expression | #1 |
| lornithine laspartate lola | #1 |
| hepatic devascularization | #1 |
| immunohistochemistry spraguedawley statistics | #1 |
| microglia neuroinflammatory response | #1 |
| maob cerebellum | #1 |
| establishment adult activities | #1 |
| pca portacaval | #1 |
| focal lactic | #1 |
| increased blood manganese | #1 |
| spontaneous release glutamate | #1 |
| pharmaceutical benzodiazepines | #1 |
| severe encephalopathy coma | #1 |
| cau lobe hepatic | #1 |
| onset neurological symptoms | #1 |
| stroke forms | #1 |
| failure thiamine | #1 |
| experimental wernicke | #1 |
| weeks portacaval | #1 |
| liver pca | #1 |
| alf mild hypothermia | #1 |
| fumazenil | #1 |
| excess bloodborne ammonia | #1 |
| additional bloodborne ammonia | #1 |
| efficacy lola | #1 |
| thiamine‐deficient rats | #1 |
| dansyl chloride microassay | #1 |
| raphe serotonin serotonin | #1 |
| thiamine phosphatases | #1 |
| selective increases | #1 |
| cerebellar amino acids | #1 |
| symptomatic stages encephalopathy | #1 |
| 32°c–35°c | #1 |
| rate thiamine turnover | #1 |
| muscarinic thiamine | #1 |
| pons thiamine treatment | #1 |
| thiamine interactions | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy relationship | #1 |
| manganese distribution brain | #1 |
| continues rely | #1 |
| reduction circulating neurotoxins | #1 |
| ammonia glutamate uptake | #1 |
| bbb animal hepatic | #1 |
| ammoniainduced reduction | #1 |
| pglycoprotein mild hypothermia | #1 |
| brain glutamate synthesis | #1 |
| ptbrs binding | #1 |
| acute male pregnenolone | #1 |
| ammonia proinflammatory | #1 |
| glutamateper | #1 |
| rendered ataxic | #1 |
| prophylaxis reductions | #1 |
| alcoholic peripheral | #1 |
| inhibitory ammonium ions | #1 |
| 11 thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| brain gaba uptake | #1 |
| microsomes medium | #1 |
| humans gabaa steroids | #1 |
| expression ptbr | #1 |
| oxygenase1 hepatic | #1 |
| nacl mm nacl | #1 |
| encephalopathy thiamine | #1 |
| brain cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| edema formation mnsod | #1 |
| selectively decreased | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient brain | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency activities | #1 |
| pfco fco | #1 |
| inhibition bloodbrain transfer | #1 |
| viral hepatitis alf | #1 |
| glast medial thalamus | #1 |
| lornithinelaspartate therapeutic efficacy | #1 |
| mitochondrial enzyme αkgdh | #1 |
| pathophysiology cirrhosis | #1 |
| edema cytokines | #1 |
| endogenous opioid brain | #1 |
| opca messenger receptors | #1 |
| leigh disease forms | #1 |
| abstract5fluoromethylornithine | #1 |
| alf proinflammatory | #1 |
| novo lactate synthesis | #1 |
| pfco brain tissue | #1 |
| therapy ornithine transcarbamylase | #1 |
| glutamine resonance | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| alf studies | #1 |
| thalamus thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| sgc cerebral cortex | #1 |
| 44433a | #1 |
| diencephalic cerebellar | #1 |
| l3hnoarg binding | #1 |
| liver failure muscle | #1 |
| astrocytes ammonia levels | #1 |
| autopsied brain samples | #1 |
| nuclei fastigial interpositus | #1 |
| degree pss | #1 |
| alcoholthiamine interactions | #1 |
| thdoc brain tissue | #1 |
| acute male muscle | #1 |
| tdpase activities loss | #1 |
| sparsefur spf mouse | #1 |
| increased extracellular brain | #1 |
| 213caspartate | #1 |
| increased activities maoa | #1 |
| 3hpk binding | #1 |
| neurosteroid modulatory | #1 |
| liver spleen ratios | #1 |
| protective findings | #1 |
| ammonia increased | #1 |
| cell increased synthesis | #1 |
| pca rat | #1 |
| hyperammonemic spf | #1 |
| thalamus symptomatic rats | #1 |
| csf portacaval anastomosis | #1 |
| propanolamines putamen | #1 |
| borne ammonia | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient rats | #1 |
| 3hmuscimol binding studies | #1 |
| rats alf | #1 |
| iotal6 | #1 |
| ouabain doses | #1 |
| encephalopathy alanine | #1 |
| dopamine thiamine deficiency | #1 |
| encephalopathy brain edema | #1 |
| alanine cerebral cortex | #1 |
| progressive volume increase | #1 |
| portacaval shunted | #1 |
| increased glutamine synthesis | #1 |
| matkowskyj | #1 |
| 062 009 liter | #1 |
| metabolism ammonia | #1 |
| astrocytic cox2 | #1 |
| antiparkinson drugs hypokinesia | #1 |
| deficiency binding | #1 |
| increase brain extracts | #1 |
| l3hnoarg | #1 |
| spf mice | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy integrity | #1 |
| brain distribution rats | #1 |
| aom animal hypothermia | #1 |
| complications alf | #1 |
| liver failure neuroinflammation | #1 |
| ω3 receptor 3hpk11195 | #1 |
| distribution l3hnoarg | #1 |
| liver failure ucds | #1 |
| congenital ornithine | #1 |
| pca rats pca | #1 |
| failure alanine | #1 |
| manganese deposition | #1 |
| brain edema increases | #1 |
| thiamine deficiency implications | #1 |
| encephalopathy male | #1 |
| findings manganese | #1 |
| pyrithiaminetreated rats | #1 |
| cox2 tle | #1 |
| brain ammonia concentrations | #1 |
| spf mutant | #1 |
| hyperammonemic disorders | #1 |
| abnormal pyruvate oxidation | #1 |
| activities thalamus | #1 |
| neurological complications alf | #1 |
| liver diseases range | #1 |
| caudate putamen 57 | #1 |
| glial filament network | #1 |
| overt encephalopathy alterations | #1 |
| 15–1788 pharmacokinetics cirrhosis | #1 |
| tdpase activities | #1 |
| lola nash | #1 |
| alcoholic peripheral neuropathy | #1 |
| brains pcs rats | #1 |
| pse findings | #1 |
| neuronastrocytic trafficking | #1 |
| hepatic encephalopathy | #1 |
| thiamine‐deficient | #1 |
| thiaminedeficient animals | #1 |
| coding key | #1 |
| taurine medium | #1 |
| neuroinflammation cns complications | #1 |
| brain human experimental | #1 |
| deficiency densities | #1 |
| thalamus cirrhotic patients | #1 |
| pathogenesis reversible symptoms | #1 |
| wernicke′s encephalopathy | #1 |
| vulnerable medial thalamus | #1 |
| therapeutic efficacy prevention | #1 |
| decreased detoxification | #1 |
| failure altered | #2 |
| responsible neurological | #2 |
| wks decreased activities | #2 |
| 3000 microg m3 | #2 |
| intracranial hypertension alf | #2 |
| loss eaat2 protein | #2 |
| increasing dheas currents | #2 |
| brain lactate increase | #2 |
| gabaa encephalopathy humans | #2 |
| coma stages p001 | #2 |
| activities maoa | #2 |
| thp metabolites fatigue | #2 |
| induced liver failure | #2 |
| cuznsod mrna cuznsod | #2 |
| concentrations dheas | #2 |
| chronic thiamine | #2 |
| binding 3hpk11195 | #2 |
| thiamine deficiency patients | #2 |
| pyrithiamine treated | #2 |
| glutamate glur2 | #2 |
| carboxamide binding | #2 |
| ligand 3hpk | #2 |
| 3alpha5betathp patients | #2 |
| treatment cns complications | #2 |
| 3acetyl pyridine | #2 |
| reduction dopamine turnover | #2 |
| dheas bdl rats | #2 |
| pyrithiamine rats rats | #2 |
| gammagba nalphaacetylarginine nalphaaa | #2 |
| pyrithiamine induced | #2 |
| autopsy delay intervals | #2 |
| portacaval anastomosis pca | #2 |
| thiamine‐dependent enzyme | #2 |
| congenital hyperammonemias | #2 |
| reduced concentrations dheas | #2 |
| isomorphic model | #2 |
| rat brain relation | #2 |
| 26 153 | #2 |
| neuropathic pain etanercept | #2 |
| improvement mental state | #2 |
| mice acetaminophen toxicity | #2 |
| increase coma stages | #2 |
| csf ammonia | #2 |
| dheas body fatigue | #2 |
| neuropsychiatric complication | #2 |
| immunohistochemistry liver failure | #2 |
| precoma coma | #2 |
| glutamate syndrome | #2 |
| millimolar concentrations brain | #2 |
| mice congenital | #2 |
| central neuroinflammatory | #2 |
| rats thiamine | #2 |
| glutamine hepatic | #2 |
| diseases manganese | #2 |
| disorder mystery | #2 |
| thirtytwo cirrhotic patients | #2 |
| precoma stages increase | #2 |
| disorder loss | #2 |
| ohe encephalopathy humans | #2 |
| wernickes encephalopathy | #2 |
| human brain contrast | #2 |
| neurons nmr | #2 |
| moderate grade iii | #2 |
| 2 flumazenil | #2 |
| model wernicke | #2 |
| concentrations gammaguanidinobutyric acid | #2 |
| ammoniainduced alterations | #2 |
| experimental alf | #2 |
| brain samples alcoholics | #2 |
| cerebellum output | #2 |
| 3hpk11195 brain regions | #2 |
| reduced brain dheas | #2 |
| gammagba | #2 |
| sgc brain | #2 |
| 5ht turnover brain | #2 |
| ornithine aminotransferase administration | #2 |
| alpha1 sites | #2 |
| dheas hepatic | #2 |
| densities bmax | #2 |
| hydrolases aged | #2 |
| body fatigue rats | #2 |
| encephalopathy histamine | #2 |
| pdh activity platelets | #2 |
| isomorphic models | #2 |
| sites increased | #2 |
| mice alf | #2 |
| deficient encephalopathy | #2 |
| gfap immunoreactivity degree | #2 |
| vesicular dysfunction | #2 |
| portacaval shunting | #2 |
| 67 coma stages | #2 |
| thiamine‐dependent | #2 |
| cortical astrocytes ammonia | #2 |
| vulnerable brain structures | #2 |
| kinetics taurine | #2 |
| brain levels neurosteroids | #2 |
| increased novo synthesis | #2 |
| sustained deficiency arginine | #2 |
| cns consequences | #2 |
| progression ohe | #2 |
| mental state trials | #2 |
| methyhistamine | #2 |
| activities choline acetyltransferase | #2 |
| increased levels pregnenolone | #2 |
| thiamine deficiency wks | #2 |
| ammonia metabolism astrocytes | #2 |
| animals hepatic | #2 |
| activities muscle | #2 |
| gabaa receptor indomethacin | #2 |
| kidney ammonia | #2 |
| shunted | #2 |
| brain organic myoinositol | #2 |
| reduced brain levels | #2 |
| pathophysiologic mechanisms | #2 |
| hyperammonemia increased | #2 |
| hepatic encephalopathy complication | #2 |
| selective increase | #2 |
| hepatic encephalopathy gabaa | #2 |
| osmotic effects glutamine | #2 |
| hepatic encephalopathy ohe | #2 |
| brain taurine concentrations | #2 |
| sustained hyperammonemia | #2 |
| spf mutant mice | #2 |
| concentrations ammonium chloride | #2 |
| neurons glutamine synthesis | #2 |
| pca brain regions | #2 |
| encephalopathy onset | #2 |
| thiaminedependent enzymes | #2 |
| reflex stage | #2 |
| increase coma | #2 |
| rats portacaval anastomosis | #2 |
| dheas reduced | #2 |
| encephalopathy aids | #2 |
| male portacaval shunt | #2 |
| thiamine turnover | #2 |
| early precoma stages | #2 |
| shunted pcs | #2 |
| mri neurological evaluation | #2 |
| iggimmunoreactivity | #2 |
| cisterna magna catheters | #2 |
| decreased gfap immunoreactivity | #2 |
| l‐ornithine‐l‐aspartate | #2 |
| glutamine intracranial | #2 |
| computed wernicke encephalopathy | #2 |
| encephalopathy wernicke | #2 |
| cerebral edema loss | #2 |
| alf drug | #2 |
| ataxia animals | #2 |
| increased manganese | #2 |
| hyperammonemia synaptosomes | #2 |
| edema hepatic | #2 |
| symptoms thiamine | #2 |
| fold thdoc | #2 |
| enzyme deficits | #2 |
| densities binding | #2 |
| neuroinhibitory steroids | #2 |
| liver failure studies | #2 |
| alf mrna expression | #2 |
| thiamine dependent | #2 |
| 2 brain samples | #2 |
| pallidum cirrhotic patients | #2 |
| impaired gaba function | #2 |
| cerebellum cirrhotic patients | #2 |
| membranes tomography | #2 |
| plasma proinflammatory cytokines | #2 |
| neuronal loss alterations | #2 |
| development ethanol preference | #2 |
| wernickes encephalopathy patients | #2 |
| brain shunted rats | #2 |
| neurosteroid pregnenolone fold | #2 |
| tyrosine tyr levels | #2 |
| pathogenesis portal | #2 |
| thiamine deprivation loss | #2 |
| liver failure gfap | #2 |
| alanine frontal cortex | #2 |
| brain edema concentrations | #2 |
| brain dehydroepiandrosterone dhea | #2 |
| thiaminedeficiency | #2 |
| astrocytic benzodiazepine | #2 |
| brains 36 patients | #2 |
| hepatic encephalopathy controls | #2 |
| ataxic animals | #2 |
| ammonia detoxification glutamine | #2 |
| defect membrane transport | #2 |
| deficiency include | #2 |
| taurine platelets | #2 |
| mrna expression gfap | #2 |
| ammoniainduced neurotoxicity | #2 |
| thiamine deprivation | #2 |
| protein levels glast | #2 |
| aqp4 cerebral cortex | #2 |
| alcoholics absence | #2 |
| hepatic cerebral | #2 |
| gaba ammonia | #2 |
| rats cortex male | #2 |
| encephalopathy acute | #2 |
| brain lactate synthesis | #2 |
| encephalopathy glutamine concentrations | #2 |
| bckdh bckdh activity | #2 |
| plasma levels 3alpha5alphathp | #2 |
| glt1 increased | #2 |
| 970±079 | #2 |
| cerebral complications alf | #2 |
| computerized autotrack | #2 |
| liver cirrhosis activation | #2 |
| lower levels arginine | #2 |
| extracellular brain | #2 |
| controls 3alpha5alphathp | #2 |
| 3alpha5alphathp 3alpha5betathp | #2 |
| liver thiamine | #2 |
| systemic encephalopathy | #2 |
| 150 dose increase | #2 |
| bergmann glial pathology | #2 |
| symptomatic rats | #2 |
| novo synthesis lactate | #2 |
| encephalopathy portacaval | #2 |
| pca rats allopregnanolone | #2 |
| brain glutamine synthesis | #2 |
| ouabain upregulation | #2 |
| failure alf | #2 |
| phosphate sulfate mixture | #2 |
| brain portacaval shunting | #2 |
| cirrhotic patients pathology | #2 |
| degree gfap immunoreactivity | #2 |
| inbred strains glutamine | #2 |
| hyperammonemic brain | #2 |
| cisterna magna catheter | #2 |
| cirrhotic patients modulation | #2 |
| increased brain turnover | #2 |
| 4week portacaval | #2 |
| thdoc fold | #2 |
| liver spf | #2 |
| hyperammonaemia hepatic encephalopathy | #2 |
| ammonia animal hepatic | #2 |
| modulation brain | #2 |
| nash addition | #2 |
| increased activities | #2 |
| mouse astrocytes effects | #2 |
| restricted transfer | #2 |
| lornithinelaspartate | #2 |
| fold allopregnanolone | #2 |
| decreased reuptake | #2 |
| implicated pathogenesis | #2 |
| densities binding sites | #2 |
| cholinergic neuronal loss | #2 |
| nitric oxide brain | #2 |
| ammonia gabaergic neurotransmission | #2 |
| alf control | #2 |
| electrified grid | #2 |
| indomethacin locomotor deficit | #2 |
| pallidal manganese | #2 |
| allopregnanolone fold | #2 |
| nmda receptor pca | #2 |
| serum lad | #2 |
| modulation sgc | #2 |
| thiamine phosphorylation | #2 |
| wks enzyme activities | #2 |
| loss eaat2 expression | #2 |
| edema alf | #2 |
| pathogenesis friedreichs ataxia | #2 |
| tdp dependent enzymes | #2 |
| animal hepatic encephalopathy | #2 |
| lactate coma stages | #2 |
| ammonia octanoic acid | #2 |
| hypokinesia produced | #2 |
| haloperiodol | #2 |
| ammonia central role | #2 |
| edematous cerebral cortex | #2 |
| death thiamine | #2 |
| swelling cortical astrocytes | #2 |
| 3beta5alphathp | #2 |
| alpha kgdh | #2 |
| precoma stages p001 | #2 |
| encephalopathy major | #2 |
| form ataxia | #2 |
| bath concentration ammonia | #2 |
| thiaminedeficient mice | #2 |
| aged muscimol | #2 |
| treatment asparagine | #2 |
| thiamine bloodbrain barrier | #2 |
| drug situ nickend | #3 |
| electrically stimulated release | #3 |
| increased uptake capacity | #3 |
| 5fmorn treatment | #3 |
| skeletal portacaval shunt | #3 |
| decreased concentrations αmt | #3 |
| doubt25 ammonia | #3 |
| increase brain lactate | #3 |
| il6 levels brain | #3 |
| abstract hepatic encephalopathy | #3 |
| alcoholics wks | #3 |
| peripheral‐type | #3 |
| cogent explanation | #3 |
| αketoglutarate dehydrogenase | #3 |
| brain portocaval anastomosis | #3 |
| predictions disorder | #3 |
| medium 5 mm | #3 |
| carnitine ammonia | #3 |
| precoma stages | #3 |
| severity reviews see1–4 | #3 |
| transporter snat5 | #3 |
| blood transketolase | #3 |
| ammonia‐induced brain edema | #3 |
| gfap mrna gfap | #3 |
| autotrack | #3 |
| synthesis aspartate | #3 |
| basal ganglia βendorphin | #3 |
| selective brain lesions | #3 |
| ammonia hepatic | #3 |
| mrna ammonia | #3 |
| reflex serotonin βendorphin | #3 |
| ammonia energy metabolism | #3 |
| edema intracranial | #3 |
| type ” | #3 |
| ganglia structures | #3 |
| singlesite model | #3 |
| midbrain turnover study | #3 |
| potent neuroactive properties | #3 |
| deficiency acidosis | #3 |
| abstract mild hypothermia | #3 |
| ammonia brain edema | #3 |
| encephalopathy aged | #3 |
| ishen guidelines | #3 |
| intraneuronal release | #3 |
| odn immunolabeling | #3 |
| controls emax | #3 |
| models thiamine | #3 |
| cerebellum activities | #3 |
| brain edema alf | #3 |
| amphetamine amphetamine animals | #3 |
| nmda subclass | #3 |
| cholinergic m1 | #3 |
| activities reduced | #3 |
| major neurotransmitter systems | #3 |
| alf animals | #3 |
| lcarnitine atp | #3 |
| pdhc acetyl coa | #3 |
| βendorphin akinesia | #3 |
| 13 consecutive weeks | #3 |
| homologous models | #3 |
| astrocytic cell swelling | #3 |
| hypothermia brain edema | #3 |
| signs mild personality | #3 |
| bckdh activity rats | #3 |
| coma equal | #3 |
| cerebellar amino | #3 |
| doubt25 | #3 |
| binding sites heart | #3 |
| increases il1beta | #3 |
| hepatic encephalopathy humans | #3 |
| strains thiamine | #3 |
| activities brains | #3 |
| administration ammonium | #3 |
| rats glutamates hippocampus | #3 |
| testis preparations | #3 |
| kornetsky | #3 |
| thiamine deficient | #3 |
| portocaval anastomosis pca | #3 |
| glutamate transporter cells | #3 |
| brain densities | #3 |
| rats pse | #3 |
| glial cells ammonia | #3 |
| animals profiles | #3 |
| thiamine phosphate | #3 |
| hepatobiliary route | #3 |
| onset neurological signs | #3 |
| glutamates hippocampus rats | #3 |
| ammoniainduced impairment | #3 |
| neuroglial proteins | #3 |
| cerebral cortex pons | #3 |
| treatment portalsystemic encephalopathy | #3 |
| globus pallidus putamen | #3 |
| glutamine brain edema | #3 |
| tetrahydrodesoxycorticosterone | #3 |
| rats pyrithiamine | #3 |
| lobe hepatic | #3 |
| acids relation | #3 |
| pathogenesis central | #3 |
| adequate substrates | #3 |
| 320350 degrees | #3 |
| cirrhosis agents | #3 |
| platelets 10 patients | #3 |
| male portacaval | #3 |
| repetitive removal | #3 |
| endogenous agonists role | #3 |
| pallidus hepatic | #3 |
| pdh friedreich | #3 |
| ammonia swelling | #3 |
| 38 alcoholic patients | #3 |
| cholestasis‐associated fatigue | #3 |
| brain concentrations rats | #3 |
| effects ro15 | #3 |
| congenital hyperammonemia | #3 |
| selective down‐regulation | #3 |
| decreased concentrations striatum | #3 |
| deletion delays | #3 |
| humans neurotransmitter | #3 |
| regions cns | #3 |
| genial expression | #3 |
| βendorphin decreased concentrations | #3 |
| αmt βendorphin | #3 |
| ammoniatreated cells | #3 |
| decreased aspartate | #3 |
| ammonia glutamate | #3 |
| thiamine deficiency wernicke | #3 |
| encephalopathy hepatic | #3 |
| acute ammonia exposure | #3 |
| pbgd study | #3 |
| deficiency thiamine | #3 |
| portacavalshunted rats | #3 |
| αmt midbrain | #3 |
| encephalopathy inflammation | #3 |
| acrylamide pyrithiamine | #3 |
| muscle glutamine synthetase | #3 |
| decreased densities | #3 |
| hyperammonemia acute | #3 |
| pcs rat brain | #3 |
| mk‐801‐sensitive nitration | #3 |
| concentrations αmt | #3 |
| cirrhosis iii | #3 |
| cellspecific pathways | #3 |
| central cholinergic deficit | #3 |
| akinesia βendorphin | #3 |
| rats αmt | #3 |
| protein hepatic | #3 |
| increased ptbr | #3 |
| pallidal signals | #3 |
| coma stage | #3 |
| portacaval anastomosis rats | #3 |
| hepatic neurological | #3 |
| vitro binding technique | #3 |
| hepatic devascularized rat | #3 |
| liver–brain axis | #3 |
| neurobiological characterization | #3 |
| effects ldeprenyl | #3 |
| total brain glutamine | #3 |
| transketolase activities | #3 |
| brain improvement | #3 |
| statistical significance regions | #3 |
| operated controls | #3 |
| 5fmorn | #3 |
| mhe lola | #3 |
| prevents cerebral | #3 |
| altered glial | #3 |
| akinesia corneal reflex | #3 |
| addition astrocyte morphology | #3 |
| animals coma | #3 |
| rats pathogenesis | #3 |
| turnover study rats | #3 |
| late symptomatic stages | #3 |
| tissue ornithine concentrations | #3 |
| protective glutamine | #3 |
| pca odn immunolabeling | #3 |
| 3hdaspartate uptake | #3 |
| homogenates frontal cortex | #3 |
| acids cerebrospinal | #3 |
| astrocyte glutamine | #3 |
| corneal reflex apomorphine | #3 |
| βendorphin apomorphine basal | #3 |
| neurotransmission failure | #3 |
| increased icp alf | #4 |
| sham mmars | #4 |
| rats asparagine | #4 |
| icp arterial ammonia | #4 |
| alcoholism thiamine | #4 |
| mmars increased icp | #4 |
| time mmars | #4 |
| activities prefrontal cortex | #4 |
| activities brain | #4 |
| thiamine deficiency rats | #4 |
| gaba friedreich | #4 |
| rat brain pca | #4 |
| wernickekorsakoff syndrome | #4 |
| locomotor evaluation | #4 |
| histaminergic histamine | #4 |
| degree alzheimer type | #4 |
| cerebral amino acids | #4 |
| regional amino | #4 |
| locomotor deficit | #4 |
| thiamine thiamine pyrophosphate | #4 |
| synaptic membrane preparations | #4 |
| lornithine laspartate | #4 |
| alf | #4 |
| animals liver failure | #4 |
| albumin dialysis alf | #4 |
| condition development | #4 |
| izuru matsumoto | #4 |
| thiamine antagonist | #4 |
| taurine friedreichs ataxia | #4 |
| alf brain | #4 |
| effects mild hypothermia | #4 |
| early microglial response | #4 |
| p001 hypothermia | #4 |
| postmortem delay interval | #4 |
| opioid pca | #4 |
| extrapyramidal symptoms patients | #4 |
| pse increased | #4 |
| decreased activities | #4 |
| ouabainlike compounds | #4 |
| onset severe encephalopathy | #4 |
| cases alcohol abuse | #4 |
| ouabain ec50 | #4 |
| benzodiazepines increase | #4 |
| newly synthesized glutamine | #4 |
| inos mnsod | #4 |
| cerebral cortex kidney | #4 |
| increased concentrations prostaglandins | #4 |
| shunted rats | #4 |
| 6 hrs alf | #4 |
| expression alf | #4 |
| 13 moles | #4 |
| deoxyglucose endothelium | #4 |
| loss glt1 | #4 |
| shamoperated controls | #4 |
| neurotransmitter dysfunction | #4 |
| amino acids areas | #4 |
| surgical rna rats | #4 |
| elevated ammonia levels | #4 |
| mmars time | #4 |
| brain energy failure | #4 |
| maoa isoform | #4 |
| thiamine diphosphatase | #4 |
| protein expression brain | #4 |
| patients wernicke | #4 |
| edema gene | #4 |
| brain thiamine | #4 |
| plasma clearance groups | #4 |
| arterial ammonia mmars | #4 |
| brain hepatic encephalopathy | #4 |
| encephalopathy coma | #4 |
| amino acids regions | #4 |
| alf expression | #4 |
| liver central | #4 |
| 5 mm nh4cl | #4 |
| affinities densities | #4 |
| alcohol thiamine deficiency | #4 |
| brain edema increase | #4 |
| acute liver failure | #4 |
| liver brain | #4 |
| total shunting | #4 |
| increased brain glutamine | #4 |
| aged pyruvate | #4 |
| postsynaptic action | #4 |
| brain glutamic | #4 |
| peripheral‐type benzodiazepine | #4 |
| administration central | #4 |
| thiochrome derivatives | #4 |
| transketolase wernicke | #4 |
| brain dopamine receptor | #4 |
| glt1 transcript | #4 |
| calcium microsomes | #4 |
| guanylate cyclase patients | #4 |
| otcdeficient mice | #4 |
| acute ammonia treatment | #4 |
| brain neuroinflammation | #4 |
| severe neuronal dysfunction | #4 |
| tdinduced cell death | #4 |
| cbf inflammatory mediators | #4 |
| ions synaptic | #4 |
| brain 5ht release | #4 |
| subclinical seizure activity | #4 |
| carnitine energy | #4 |
| inbred strains ammonia | #4 |
| thiamine‐deficient rat brain | #4 |
| anastomosis rat | #4 |
| ischemic liver failure | #4 |
| xlinked deficiency | #4 |
| rats portacaval shunting | #4 |
| rats βendorphin | #4 |
| treatment hepatic encephalopathy | #4 |
| brain pregnenolone content | #4 |
| astrocytic metabolic | #4 |
| hepatocytes ascorbate | #4 |
| tdpase | #4 |
| activities glutamine synthetase | #4 |
| arterial ammonia alf | #4 |
| thp metabolites | #4 |
| inflammation mediators icp | #4 |
| mhe mildest form | #4 |
| thiamine deficient animals | #4 |
| astrocytic genes | #4 |
| mmars brain water | #4 |
| ammonia levels blood | #4 |
| tspo sites | #4 |
| ornithine aspartate | #4 |
| normal coupling | #4 |
| vitro techniques ketoglutarate | #4 |
| rats fatigue | #5 |
| result altered | #5 |
| spf mice controls | #5 |
| homologous model | #5 |
| neurotransmitter pool | #5 |
| genetics astrocytes blotting | #5 |
| activities gad | #5 |
| treatment malnutrition | #5 |
| kgdh | #5 |
| brain acute | #5 |
| vulnerable brain | #5 |
| cytokines ammonia | #5 |
| aspartate lola | #5 |
| encephalopathy cerebral | #5 |
| pet scan study | #5 |
| cns ammonia | #5 |
| allopregnanolone thdoc | #5 |
| pse encephalopathy humans | #5 |
| hexyl1h | #5 |
| glutamine hypothesis | #5 |
| maoa activities | #5 |
| transporter sites | #5 |
| acute rats rats | #5 |
| ammonia lowering | #5 |
| hand densities | #5 |
| amino acids pathogenesis | #5 |
| astrocytic | #5 |
| monoamines metabolites | #5 |
| thiaminedeficient diet | #5 |
| sustained deficiency | #5 |
| saturation binding isotherms | #5 |
| wernicke | #5 |
| acetyl pyridine | #5 |
| ammonia muscle | #5 |
| liver assist devices | #5 |
| brain ammonia | #5 |
| activities cerebellum | #5 |
| congenital urea | #5 |
| branchedchain analysis | #5 |
| ammonia metabolism | #5 |
| convulsions onset | #5 |
| vulnerable regions | #5 |
| pregnenolone content | #5 |
| tissue autopsy | #5 |
| reserpinelike | #5 |
| maoa function | #5 |
| tpp cofactor | #5 |
| complication acute | #5 |
| acute magnetic | #5 |
| gait animals | #5 |
| glutamate symporters | #5 |
| hyperammonemia liver | #5 |
| medial thalamus | #5 |
| kstimulated ca2dependent release | #5 |
| studied brain | #5 |
| reduction glutamate | #5 |
| brain glutamate concentrations | #5 |
| content modulation | #5 |
| exposure cultured astrocytes | #5 |
| prevention prophylaxis | #5 |
| anterolateral hypothalamus | #5 |
| rats portacaval shunts | #5 |
| allopregnanolone gabaa | #5 |
| alcoholic receptors | #5 |
| adequate experimental models | #5 |
| tk activities | #5 |
| activities choline | #5 |
| mmars | #5 |
| currents concentrations | #5 |
| amino acid regions | #5 |
| thiamine status | #5 |
| glur2 glur3 subunits | #5 |
| intracranial hypertension rats | #5 |
| alf ammonia | #5 |
| spectroscopy tomography emissioncomputed | #5 |
| age matched subjects | #5 |
| extracellular quin | #5 |
| manganese astrocytes | #5 |
| increases ammonia | #5 |
| brain histamine receptors | #5 |
| topic rifaximin | #5 |
| responsible brain | #5 |
| alterations glutamatergic | #5 |
| 45 cirrhotic patients | #5 |
| cerebral hepatic | #5 |
| ammonia removal | #5 |
| onset coma | #5 |
| sites peripheral | #5 |
| methioninesulfoximine | #5 |
| hepatic encephalopathy gaba | #5 |
| laspartate lola | #5 |
| latenight snack | #5 |
| surgical receptors | #5 |
| neurological status | #5 |
| publication animals rats | #5 |
| patients hepatic | #5 |
| mild personality | #5 |
| kinetics pharmacology | #5 |
| chronic exposure manganese | #5 |
| liver disease rats | #5 |
| astrocyte cell volume | #6 |
| humans hyperammonemia | #6 |
| 14c taurine | #6 |
| glt1 glast protein | #6 |
| cerebral cortex activities | #6 |
| benzodiazepine intake | #6 |
| expression astrocytic genes | #6 |
| endstage liver failure | #6 |
| tmpase | #6 |
| increased glut1 expression | #6 |
| brain benzodiazepine | #6 |
| basal ganglia structures | #6 |
| nac alf | #6 |
| platelets 11 patients | #6 |
| glast transporter | #6 |
| frontal cortex rats | #6 |
| dogs hepatic encephalopathy | #6 |
| dha administration | #6 |
| liver failure | #6 |
| term fluorescence | #6 |
| ammonia glutamine | #6 |
| mars alf | #6 |
| glt1 brain | #6 |
| plasma frontal cortex | #6 |
| righting reflexes | #6 |
| ascorbate protects | #6 |
| brain cirrhotic | #6 |
| 3htryptamine binding | #6 |
| direct neurotoxic | #6 |
| models alf | #6 |
| fmorn | #6 |
| unaltered distribution | #6 |
| inflammatory mediators groups | #6 |
| enzymes brains | #6 |
| thiamine esters | #6 |
| cerebellum caudate nucleus | #6 |
| controls arginine | #6 |
| hypothermia alf | #6 |
| alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase | #6 |
| receptors hepatic | #6 |
| cerebral amino | #6 |
| acetyl lcarnitine | #6 |
| perispinal etanercept | #6 |
| increased expression aqp4 | #6 |
| capacity removal | #6 |
| pca sham | #6 |
| gabaergic tone | #6 |
| thiamine phosphate esters | #6 |
| encephalopathy humans | #6 |
| concomitant 24fold increase | #6 |
| mice nacetylcysteine | #6 |
| relationship neurological symptoms | #6 |
| dehydrogenase pdhc | #6 |
| implications pathogenesis | #6 |
| lola improvement | #6 |
| blood‐brain barrier integrity | #6 |
| hepatic encephalopathy effects | #6 |
| enzymes pyruvate | #6 |
| 3nmol | #6 |
| induced thiamine | #6 |
| nencki | #6 |
| hyperammonemic | #6 |
| fur mice | #6 |
| 3htryptamine binding sites | #6 |
| central proinflammatory | #6 |
| deterioration neurological | #6 |
| output cerebellum | #6 |
| alf nac | #6 |
| disease ammonia | #6 |
| arginine brain | #6 |
| activities liver | #6 |
| swelling astrocytes | #7 |
| edema extracellular | #7 |
| failure acute | #7 |
| animal hepatic | #7 |
| thiamine dependent enzymes | #7 |
| tppdependent enzymes | #7 |
| astrocytic transporters | #7 |
| glutamate acute | #7 |
| rats ammonium acetate | #7 |
| encephalopathy findings | #7 |
| glutamine synthesis ammonia | #7 |
| chemistry disease | #7 |
| hepatic encephalopathy studies | #7 |
| igg immunohistochemistry | #7 |
| neurological symptoms | #7 |
| neuropsychiatric abnormalities patients | #7 |
| notion activation | #7 |
| vpmt | #7 |
| size portacaval | #7 |
| alf arterial ammonia | #7 |
| frontal cortex controls | #7 |
| 70 mm kcl | #7 |
| thiamine absorption | #7 |
| mediators liver | #7 |
| central neuroinflammation | #7 |
| uremic coma | #7 |
| brain glutamate | #7 |
| inhibitor src | #7 |
| neuroinhibitory | #7 |
| icp alf | #7 |
| chronic deprivation | #7 |
| edema plasma | #7 |
| liver hepatic encephalopathy | #7 |
| flumazenil 10 microm | #7 |
| kcl medium | #7 |
| neuronal cell loss | #7 |
| ammonia kidney | #7 |
| metallic phosphate | #7 |
| nutritional management patients | #7 |
| skeletal muscle adapts | #7 |
| tdp ttp | #7 |
| hiaa increased | #7 |
| wernicke‐korsakoff syndrome | #7 |
| alf sham | #7 |
| increased cerebellum | #7 |
| cerebral alterations alf | #7 |
| fulminant liver failure | #7 |
| severe thiamine deficiency | #7 |
| pca pss | #7 |
| central benzodiazepine receptors | #7 |
| concentrations allopregnanolone | #7 |
| transketolase animals | #7 |
| perineuronal astrocytes | #7 |
| flumazenil patients | #7 |
| l3harginine uptake | #7 |
| cyclase hepatic | #7 |
| glutamine increased | #7 |
| alcoholic brain damage | #7 |
| surgical rats | #7 |
| 3htryptamine | #7 |
| acute minocycline | #7 |
| typical friedreichs ataxia | #7 |
| fatigue severity patients | #7 |
| gdh activities | #7 |
| loss transporter | #7 |
| ischemia hyperglycemic | #7 |
| transporter deficit | #7 |
| pregnant rats offspring | #7 |
| columbia rating scale | #7 |
| lactate synthesis | #8 |
| clive harper | #8 |
| ammonia hyperammonemia | #8 |
| sourkes | #8 |
| intracranial pressure increase | #8 |
| thalamus cerebellum | #8 |
| content frontal cortex | #8 |
| falls cirrhosis | #8 |
| alf administration | #8 |
| tests ataxia | #8 |
| result decreased | #8 |
| prefrontal nmda | #8 |
| taurine ca2 | #8 |
| voluntary ethanol consumption | #8 |
| cirrhotic patients | #8 |
| portocaval anastomosis | #8 |
| portalsystemic shunting | #8 |
| loss congenital | #8 |
| nmda sites | #8 |
| tellez | #8 |
| rindi | #8 |
| 3alpha5betathp | #8 |
| hyperglycemic cerebral ischemia | #8 |
| dependent enzymes | #8 |
| brain ammonia levels | #8 |
| central noradrenergic function | #8 |
| neuropathologic consequences | #8 |
| elfar adalsteinsson | #8 |
| study binding sites | #8 |
| chronic brain dysfunction | #8 |
| ammonia metabolites | #8 |
| arterial ammonia concentrations | #8 |
| regional alterations | #8 |
| alcohol brain damage | #8 |
| autopsied human | #8 |
| neurobehavioral damage | #8 |
| strains ornithine | #8 |
| synthesis lactate | #8 |
| ammonium ions | #8 |
| alterations modulation | #8 |
| neuroprotective steroids | #8 |
| proinflammatory mediators expression | #8 |
| measurement cell volume | #8 |
| alcohol thiamine | #8 |
| brain increased expression | #8 |
| affinity glutamate uptake | #8 |
| cells ammonia | #8 |
| gaba reverse | #8 |
| normal metabolic balance | #8 |
| concentrations thdoc | #8 |
| izuru | #8 |
| hyperglycemic cerebral | #8 |
| activities glutamine | #8 |
| ultraviolet uv spectrum | #8 |
| disease gad | #8 |
| expression glyt1 | #8 |
| peter dodd | #8 |
| active pyruvate dehydrogenase | #8 |
| cerebellum activation | #8 |
| complications liver disease | #8 |
| receptors mitochondrial | #8 |
| synthesis thiamine | #8 |
| antisense elements genetics | #8 |
| assessment bioaccumulation | #8 |
| induced akinesia | #8 |
| probenecid 5 | #8 |
| spraguedawley temporal lobe | #8 |
| direct toxic actions | #8 |
| sites frontal | #9 |
| hepatic coma | #9 |
| brain postsynaptic | #9 |
| protein glut1 | #9 |
| pcs rats | #9 |
| rats phosphate | #9 |
| acute nitric oxide | #9 |
| disease thiamine | #9 |
| vulnerable brain regions | #9 |
| edith sullivan | #9 |
| arterial ammonia concentration | #9 |
| neuroinhibition | #9 |
| hepatic encephalopathy ammonia | #9 |
| autopsied brain | #9 |
| nonneuronal elements | #9 |
| 11 cirrhotic patients | #9 |
| manganese dust | #9 |
| neurotoxic substance | #9 |
| rat brain density | #9 |
| taurine calcium | #9 |
| acute hyperammonemia | #9 |
| mild hypothermia | #9 |
| perispinal administration | #9 |
| edema rats | #9 |
| ammonia key role | #9 |
| taurine binding | #9 |
| observed frontal | #9 |
| binding sites brain | #9 |
| glutamate receptor ligands | #9 |
| gaba reference | #9 |
| joanne lewohl | #9 |
| acid hepatic | #9 |
| 5fluoromethylornithine | #9 |
| activities skeletal muscle | #9 |
| order address | #9 |
| thiamine monophosphatase | #9 |
| adolf pfefferbaum | #9 |
| portal hypertension result | #9 |
| portacaval rat | #9 |
| central gabaa receptor | #9 |
| mechanisms responsible | #9 |
| ammonia binding | #9 |
| ammonia induced | #9 |
| sham alf | #9 |
| gabaa tissue distribution | #9 |
| glutamate glt1 | #9 |
| cerebral ammonia toxicity | #9 |
| hyperammonemia liver cirrhosis | #9 |
| prevention complications | #9 |
| kinetics distribution | #9 |
| hepatocerebral | #9 |
| pallidal signal | #9 |
| acute rats | #9 |
| glucose hypothermia | #9 |
| glial tca cycle | #9 |
| ammonia neurotoxicity | #9 |
| binding sites nmda | #9 |
| glyt1 transporter | #9 |
| 37 decrease | #9 |
| brain herniation | #9 |
| transcarbamylase otc | #9 |
| male cirrhotic patients | #9 |
| animals acute | #9 |
| cerebellum medulla oblongata | #9 |
| model alf | #10 |
| 3hpk | #10 |
| stress thiamine | #10 |
| anastomosis hepatic | #10 |
| mechanisms free radicals | #10 |
| loss reflex | #10 |
| progression hepatic encephalopathy | #10 |
| mechanisms tnfalpha | #10 |
| glutamine synthesis astrocytes | #10 |
| affinities binding sites | #10 |
| cerebral consequences | #10 |
| swelling ammonia | #10 |
| nh4 forms | #10 |
| labeling glutamine | #10 |
| 3omethylglucose animals animals | #10 |
| cerebellum pons | #10 |
| bdl surgery | #10 |
| fur mouse | #10 |
| massive brain edema | #10 |
| urea cycle enzymopathies | #10 |
| nh4ac | #10 |
| selective brain regions | #10 |
| encephalopathy grade | #10 |
| subsequent gc analysis | #10 |
| thiamine transketolase | #10 |
| ammonia study | #10 |
| identification alterations | #10 |
| 200 appearance | #10 |
| rat leads | #10 |
| rats daily injections | #10 |
| dissected material | #10 |
| complication chronic | #10 |
| flumazenil hepatic | #10 |
| thalamic structures | #10 |
| thiamine replenishment | #10 |
| activation pathogenesis | #10 |
| encephalopathy cirrhotic | #10 |
| decreased glutamate | #10 |
| brain pca | #10 |
| expression superoxide | #10 |
| rats stereotyped behavior | #10 |
| 3hketanserin binding sites | #10 |
| hrqol mhe | #10 |
| cord taurine | #10 |
| 10 mm concentration | #10 |
| neurological symptomatology | #10 |
| mnsod cuznsod | #10 |
| neuroactive amino acids | #10 |
| mechanisms include | #10 |
| deficiency congenital | #10 |
| disorders include | #10 |
| glutathione levels expression | #10 |
| rats nimesulide | #10 |
| brain edema | #10 |
| neuropsychiatric disorder | #10 |
| dawley thalamus | #11 |
| impaired locomotor activity | #11 |
| ammonia pathogenesis | #11 |
| isoforms mrna | #11 |
| 1h‐13c | #11 |
| portal systemic | #11 |
| cerebral vulnerability | #11 |
| rats nh4cl | #11 |
| ammonia astrocytes | #11 |
| ammonia amino acids | #11 |
| benzodiazepinelike compounds | #11 |
| brain increased | #11 |
| amino acids rats | #11 |
| patients gabaa | #11 |
| signal hyperintensity | #11 |
| glutamate gammaaminobutyric acid | #11 |
| hyperammonemias | #11 |
| pca p005 | #11 |
| manganese blood | #11 |
| increased expression brain | #11 |
| time icp | #11 |
| reduced activities | #11 |
| benzodiazepine bdz receptors | #11 |
| cirrhotic patients relationship | #11 |
| pdh alpha | #11 |
| hypothermia liver | #11 |
| alterations brain | #11 |
| oxidative nitrosative stress | #11 |
| studies convincing evidence | #11 |
| benzodiazepines neurosteroids | #11 |
| pca brain | #11 |
| ammonia animals rats | #11 |
| deficiency brain | #11 |
| brain liver | #11 |
| impaired oxidation | #11 |
| gabaergic tonic currents | #11 |
| fluoromethylornithine | #11 |
| biosynthetic purposes | #11 |
| brain alf | #11 |
| experimental design limitations | #11 |
| brain h1 | #11 |
| dehydrogenase alpha | #11 |
| capacity ammonia | #11 |
| halflife age | #11 |
| placebo benzodiazepines | #11 |
| humans ketoglutarate | #12 |
| diphosphate form | #12 |
| neuroactive amino | #12 |
| total glutamine | #12 |
| brain slices synaptosomes | #12 |
| improvement neurological symptoms | #12 |
| blood manganese concentrations | #12 |
| humans hepatic | #12 |
| ammonia amino | #12 |
| loss righting | #12 |
| microglial activation brain | #12 |
| prevention hepatic encephalopathy | #12 |
| binding medium | #12 |
| ammonia animals | #12 |
| acetyltransferase disease | #12 |
| selective loss expression | #12 |
| shunt surgical | #12 |
| patients frontal cortex | #12 |
| thiamin triphosphate | #12 |
| brain chronic | #12 |
| mild hypothermia patients | #12 |
| pairfed control mice | #12 |
| increased ammonia | #12 |
| perispinal | #12 |
| clinical hepatic encephalopathy | #12 |
| anaplerotic activity | #12 |
| ammonia salts | #12 |
| binding sites ligands | #12 |
| p005 pca | #12 |
| subclinical encephalopathy | #12 |
| ammonia | #12 |
| deficiency amino | #12 |
| selective radioligands | #12 |
| cerebellar tissue | #12 |
| selective inactivator | #12 |
| rats glut1 | #12 |
| aqp4 brain edema | #12 |
| igg extravasation | #12 |
| mm nh4cl | #12 |
| thalamus cerebral cortex | #12 |
| thiamine deficient diet | #12 |
| hyperammonemia liver failure | #12 |
| brains rats | #12 |
| contribute pathogenesis | #12 |
| gfap protein | #13 |
| patients flumazenil | #13 |
| veratramine | #13 |
| neuroprotection pretreatment | #13 |
| levels octopamine | #13 |
| increased brain lactate | #13 |
| complex ketone | #13 |
| cytokines hepatic | #13 |
| greatest vulnerability | #13 |
| ammonia manganese | #13 |
| body fatigue | #13 |
| loss chat | #13 |
| role selective vulnerability | #13 |
| hyperammonemia ammonia | #13 |
| growing body evidence | #13 |
| ishen | #13 |
| treatment liver failure | #13 |
| expression ammonia | #13 |
| amino acids lactate | #13 |
| development severe encephalopathy | #13 |
| ammonia cytokines | #13 |
| increased copper content | #13 |
| hyperammonemic conditions | #13 |
| endogenous neuropeptide ligands | #13 |
| butyrylglycine | #13 |
| presence hippocampal sclerosis | #13 |
| regions rat brain | #13 |
| survival liver injury | #13 |
| loss gfap | #13 |
| hand activities | #13 |
| postsynaptic gaba | #13 |
| cerebral edema icp | #13 |
| frontal cortex administration | #13 |
| sites brain | #13 |
| brain water accumulation | #13 |
| liver toxins | #13 |
| evidence central | #13 |
| hyperglycemic ischemia | #13 |
| tissuespecific alterations | #13 |
| transcarbamylase deficiency | #13 |
| neurosteroids gabaa | #13 |
| acute ammonia | #13 |
| hepatic encephalopathy patients | #13 |
| peripheral nerve conduction | #13 |
| increased csf concentrations | #13 |
| neurosteroids pregnenolone | #13 |
| thiamine intake | #13 |
| pallidal dopamine | #13 |
| ampa receptor glur2 | #13 |
| blood csf concentrations | #13 |
| manganese distribution | #14 |
| mammillary body atrophy | #14 |
| ataxia neurological signs | #14 |
| 8024 | #14 |
| pathogenesis | #14 |
| cerebellum cerebellar cortex | #14 |
| αmt | #14 |
| aged biogenic | #14 |
| systemic shunting | #14 |
| brain energy metabolites | #14 |
| hypothermia reduction | #14 |
| portacaval rats | #14 |
| models hepatic | #14 |
| antibiotic minocycline | #14 |
| glutamine concentrations | #14 |
| striatum concentrations | #14 |
| clinical neurological signs | #14 |
| sparse fur | #14 |
| gfap aqp4 | #14 |
| 3hquisqualate | #15 |
| hyperintensity patients | #15 |
| purkinje cell terminals | #15 |
| failure encephalopathy | #15 |
| thiamin metabolism | #15 |
| role thiamine | #15 |
| portocaval shunts | #15 |
| 3hpk 11195 | #15 |
| cirrhosis systematic review | #15 |
| glur3 subunits | #15 |
| acute liver | #15 |
| ataxics | #15 |
| gabaa reference values | #15 |
| moderate drinkers | #15 |
| astrocytic volume | #15 |
| cerebral complications | #15 |
| vulnerable region | #15 |
| microglial activation neuroinflammation | #15 |
| fulminant liver | #15 |
| white matter cbf | #15 |
| activity pdhc | #15 |
| alcoholic brain | #15 |
| manganese phosphate | #15 |
| apaptreated mice | #15 |
| treatment measurement | #15 |
| encephalopathy loss | #16 |
| addition degree | #16 |
| new prospects | #16 |
| socalled type | #16 |
| animal modelling | #16 |
| brain modulation | #16 |
| encephalopathy liver | #16 |
| distribution tritium | #16 |
| agonal status | #16 |
| pathophysiologic cascade | #16 |
| wks | #16 |
| gabaa receptor complex | #16 |
| nonvulnerable | #16 |
| hypothermia 35 | #16 |
| new mechanistic basis | #16 |
| cirrhosis ammonia | #16 |
| encephalopathy chronic | #16 |
| brain proinflammatory | #16 |
| proteins implicated | #16 |
| benzodiazepine ligands | #16 |
| isoform gene | #16 |
| endothelial glucose | #16 |
| glutamine increase | #16 |
| benzodiazepine gaba | #16 |
| taurine brain | #16 |
| hepatic metabolic pathways | #16 |
| pcs sham | #16 |
| hypothesises | #16 |
| activation sgc | #17 |
| neuroinflammatory mechanisms | #17 |
| pregnenolone allopregnanolone | #17 |
| onset convulsions | #17 |
| loss liver | #17 |
| cox2 expression immunohistochemistry | #17 |
| vulnerable structures | #17 |
| dependent enzyme | #17 |
| liver disease mice | #17 |
| isoquinoline carboxamide | #17 |
| early glial | #17 |
| encephalopathy rats | #17 |
| reprint | #17 |
| antibiotic rifaximin | #17 |
| cortical astrocyte | #17 |
| acid thiamine | #17 |
| benzoate therapy | #17 |
| 4fold increases | #17 |
| upregulation aqp4 | #17 |
| complications malnutrition | #17 |
| synthetase activities | #17 |
| patient malnutrition | #17 |
| glutamate enzyme | #17 |
| platelets dopamine | #17 |
| excess ammonia | #17 |
| day heavy drinking | #17 |
| cerebellum enzyme | #17 |
| absence ammonia | #17 |
| acids ammonia | #17 |
| glutamine phenylalanine | #17 |
| endogenous benzodiazepines | #17 |
| pathogenesis complications | #17 |
| early microglial | #17 |
| ammonia induces | #17 |
| surgical construction | #17 |
| result molecules | #18 |
| patients therapeutic options | #18 |
| activities alpha | #18 |
| binding sites hippocampus | #18 |
| bbb igg | #18 |
| active pyruvate | #18 |
| astrocytes blotting | #18 |
| neurological psychiatric | #18 |
| portocaval shunting | #18 |
| concentrations kcl | #18 |
| wernicke korsakoff | #18 |
| condition evidence | #18 |
| astrocytic glutamine synthetase | #18 |
| generalized reduction | #18 |
| alcoholic cirrhotic patients | #18 |
| neuropathological damage | #18 |
| doserelated reduction | #18 |
| autopsied | #18 |
| compared pair | #18 |
| prevention progression | #18 |
| encephalopathy patients | #18 |
| brain regions rat | #18 |
| 11195 binding | #18 |
| type benzodiazepine | #18 |
| neuropathologic evaluation | #18 |
| 13c isotopomer analysis | #18 |
| administration aom | #18 |
| coa levels | #18 |
| reversible coma | #18 |
| selective neuronal | #18 |
| wernicke korsakoff syndrome | #18 |
| beta endorphin betaep | #18 |
| equal age | #19 |
| lola patients | #19 |
| brain lactate | #19 |
| errors mice | #19 |
| disease frontal | #19 |
| synthetase protein | #19 |
| agents hepatic | #19 |
| distribution binding | #19 |
| endogenous benzodiazepine | #19 |
| energy metabolism brain | #19 |
| cirrhotic patients controls | #19 |
| ornithine transcarbamylase | #19 |
| severe encephalopathy | #19 |
| brain peripheral | #19 |
| blood manganese | #19 |
| free coa | #19 |
| serum ammonia levels | #19 |
| complications acute | #19 |
| glutamates glutamine | #19 |
| cholinergic cell loss | #19 |
| acids glutamate | #19 |
| csf concentrations 5hiaa | #19 |
| control groups animals | #19 |
| pathophysiology hepatic encephalopathy | #19 |
| astrocytic neuronal | #19 |
| rats stages | #19 |
| expression result | #19 |
| response neurodegeneration | #19 |
| 125iiodopindolol | #19 |
| exposure cultured | #19 |
| treatment mhe | #19 |
| outcome prevention | #19 |
| increase brain water | #19 |
| brain autopsy samples | #20 |
| animal frontal | #20 |
| volume plasmapheresis | #20 |
| animals tests | #20 |
| regions rat | #20 |
| glutamate nmda receptors | #20 |
| glutamate increased | #20 |
| coma brain | #20 |
| pallidal hyperintensity | #20 |
| acute ammonia toxicity | #20 |
| expression oxidative stress | #20 |
| brain organic osmolytes | #20 |
| benzodiazepine medication | #20 |
| rats patients | #20 |
| biochemical lesion | #20 |
| l3harginine | #20 |
| bbb alterations | #20 |
| syndrome wks | #20 |
| aids patients patients | #20 |
| effects neurosteroids | #20 |
| lola | #20 |
| alf mars | #20 |
| adequate dietary protein | #20 |
| diencephalic | #20 |
| hyperammonemia rats | #21 |
| symptomatic stages | #21 |
| mild hypothermia survival | #21 |
| direct neurotoxic effects | #21 |
| 3alpha5alphathp | #21 |
| vivo cerebral | #21 |
| cisterna magna csf | #21 |
| endorphin induced | #21 |
| transport ammonia | #21 |
| 5 p0001 | #21 |
| selective loss neurons | #21 |
| failure skeletal | #21 |
| 8094 | #21 |
| alanine increased | #21 |
| sgc nitric oxide | #21 |
| protective hypothermia | #21 |
| nakatpase activities | #21 |
| deficiency synthesis | #21 |
| tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone | #21 |
| mhe encephalopathy humans | #21 |
| blood–brain barrier permeability | #21 |
| glast protein | #21 |
| plasma ammonia concentrations | #21 |
| metabolic trafficking | #21 |
| temporal cortex cerebellum | #22 |
| deficiency alterations | #22 |
| alf infection | #22 |
| antiparkinson drugs | #22 |
| 3alpha5beta | #22 |
| partial inverse agonists | #22 |
| sham operation rats | #22 |
| normal circumstances | #22 |
| gabaa receptors humans | #22 |
| concentrations glycine | #22 |
| distribution amino acids | #22 |
| acute hepatic encephalopathy | #22 |
| exposed manganese | #22 |
| inbred strains cns | #22 |
| sites cerebral | #22 |
| hepatic carnitine | #22 |
| effects glutamate | #22 |
| zieve | #22 |
| brain alanine | #22 |
| 3hafdx | #22 |
| characterized model | #22 |
| sites measured | #22 |
| brain experimental | #22 |
| stereotyped behavior rats | #22 |
| cerebral cortex brainstem | #22 |
| gaba regions | #22 |
| increased sites | #23 |
| oxidative stress nac | #23 |
| proinflammatory cytokines mice | #23 |
| deficiency animals | #23 |
| cortex male rats | #23 |
| impaired absorption | #23 |
| glutamine taurine | #23 |
| portal systemic encephalopathy | #23 |
| thiamine homeostasis | #23 |
| neuropathological evaluation | #23 |
| diphosphate dependent | #23 |
| brain neurosteroid | #23 |
| aspartate alanine | #23 |
| hippocampus thalamus | #23 |
| marrero | #23 |
| dewhurst | #23 |
| gabaa steroids | #23 |
| ammonia lactate | #23 |
| amino acids model | #23 |
| treatment sarcopenia | #23 |
| brain cell function | #23 |
| cerebral gaba | #23 |
| glutamine neurons | #23 |
| glutamine accumulation | #23 |
| bckdh activity | #23 |
| mm ammonia | #23 |
| ammonia liver | #23 |
| astrocytic protein | #23 |
| encephalopathy ammonia | #24 |
| brain coenzyme | #24 |
| pathophysiological levels | #24 |
| activites | #24 |
| sites ligands | #24 |
| p005 activities | #24 |
| serotonin 5ht metabolism | #24 |
| controls cirrhotic | #24 |
| ” ligands | #24 |
| neuropathologic studies | #24 |
| external warming | #24 |
| deficiency regulation | #25 |
| glutamine synthesis | #25 |
| chronic hepatic | #25 |
| severe muscle damage | #25 |
| uptake 14c | #25 |
| human experimental | #25 |
| glutamine liver | #25 |
| ammonia reduction | #25 |
| 11195 | #25 |
| katpase src | #25 |
| inhalation exposure rats | #25 |
| malnutrition chronic | #25 |
| nmdareceptor | #25 |
| cytotoxic brain edema | #25 |
| cns complication | #25 |
| copper zinc concentrations | #25 |
| extracellular glutamine | #25 |
| sites glutamate | #25 |
| damage dysfunction | #25 |
| transketolase tk | #25 |
| mousseau | #25 |
| synthase activities | #25 |
| fluid amino | #26 |
| pathophysiological significance | #26 |
| anastomosis rats | #26 |
| 17 39 | #26 |
| flumazenil placebo | #26 |
| synthesis amino acids | #26 |
| failure increased | #26 |
| arterial ammonia levels | #26 |
| alanine concentrations | #26 |
| ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | #26 |
| oxidative stress processes | #26 |
| isoquinolines ligands | #26 |
| pathogenesis cerebral | #26 |
| adult patterns | #26 |
| concentrations ammonia | #26 |
| 60p | #26 |
| aqp4 levels | #26 |
| treatment hepatic | #26 |
| accumulation glutamine | #27 |
| manganese ammonia | #27 |
| fgin1 | #27 |
| increased concentrations | #27 |
| alf induced | #27 |
| glucose loading | #27 |
| rifaximin mhe | #27 |
| regional densities | #27 |
| liver fasting | #27 |
| deficient brain | #27 |
| support potential | #27 |
| brain serotonin metabolism | #27 |
| ornithine transcarbamylase otc | #27 |
| onset encephalopathy | #27 |
| beta sites | #27 |
| oxidative stress evidence | #27 |
| treatment cirrhosis | #27 |
| binding site densities | #27 |
| noradrenaline transport | #27 |
| cerebellum brain | #27 |
| binding 3hmuscimol | #27 |
| asparagine glutamine | #27 |
| baldessarini | #28 |
| selective neuronal loss | #28 |
| experimental acute | #28 |
| eaat3 expression | #28 |
| astrocytes loss | #28 |
| glutamate transporter activity | #28 |
| wernicke encephalopathy | #28 |
| ataxic gait | #28 |
| metabolism relation | #28 |
| type hepatic | #28 |
| effects thiamine | #28 |
| chronic liver failure | #28 |
| allosteric modulatory | #28 |
| astrocytic metabolism | #28 |
| activities decreased | #28 |
| devascularized | #28 |
| increased glutamine | #29 |
| cerebral cortex thalamus | #29 |
| dust rats | #29 |
| flumazenil flunitrazepam | #29 |
| serotonin turnover | #29 |
| shamoperated control animals | #29 |
| optimal supply | #29 |
| effective adjunct therapy | #29 |
| induction mild hypothermia | #29 |
| cytoplasmic nuclear signal | #29 |
| oxide brain | #29 |
| diverse etiology | #29 |
| isopregnanolone | #29 |
| striatum contrast | #29 |
| subchronic inhalation exposure | #29 |
| cerebral energy failure | #29 |
| glutamine content | #29 |
| putamen frontal cortex | #29 |
| re‐evaluation | #29 |
| travelled distance | #29 |
| 3hro5 | #29 |
| superoxide scavenger | #29 |
| rats probenecid | #29 |
| frontal temporal cortex | #29 |
| dopamine metabolism striatum | #29 |
| pairfed controls | #29 |
| chat activities | #30 |
| gaba receptor complex | #30 |
| presymptomatic animals | #30 |
| glycine glutamine | #30 |
| increased nmda | #30 |
| stroke neurological | #30 |
| nonabsorbable disaccharides | #30 |
| frontal cortex samples | #30 |
| neuronal cell counts | #30 |
| quantitative receptor | #30 |
| neurotransmitter amino acids | #30 |
| west criteria | #30 |
| blood ammonia concentration | #30 |
| mediated excitotoxicity | #30 |
| aspartate glutamine | #30 |
| 3dsrt | #30 |
| hyperglycemic stroke | #30 |
| inflammatory cascades | #30 |
| chronic hyperammonemia | #30 |
| progression liver injury | #30 |
| glutamate cgmp | #30 |
| flumazenil gaba | #30 |
| glutamate content | #30 |
| encephalopathy portal | #30 |
| studies experimental | #30 |
| shunted animals | #31 |
| brain decreased | #31 |
| cerebral glutamate | #31 |
| production microglial | #31 |
| expression tight junction | #31 |
| leading increased | #31 |
| glutamate nmda | #31 |
| brain monoamine oxidase | #31 |
| pannecrosis | #31 |
| neuroinflammation pathogenesis | #31 |
| cuznsod protein | #31 |
| clinical prospects | #31 |
| peripheral type | #31 |
| antisense elements | #31 |
| study ammonia | #31 |
| stupor | #31 |
| dogs hepatic | #31 |
| astrocytes ammonia | #32 |
| detoxification unit | #32 |
| increased nitric | #32 |
| telemethylhistamine | #32 |
| akinesia | #32 |
| binding sites presence | #32 |
| acute hyperglycemic | #32 |
| minimal mhe | #32 |
| 2 alteration | #32 |
| deficiencies vitamins | #32 |
| hepatoprotective properties | #32 |
| fixed intervals | #32 |
| temporal cortex patients | #32 |
| friedreichs ataxia | #32 |
| uptake ammonia | #32 |
| binding gaba | #32 |
| hepatic symptoms | #32 |
| effects mild | #32 |
| gabaa receptor ligands | #32 |
| intracellular osmolarity | #32 |
| cerebral ammonia | #32 |
| indian national association | #32 |
| snat5 | #33 |
| hand addition | #33 |
| species rats | #33 |
| binding microsomes | #33 |
| gaba aspartate | #33 |
| failing liver | #33 |
| clinical laboratory findings | #33 |
| cns complications | #33 |
| brain gaba levels | #33 |
| monoamines brain | #33 |
| reversible alterations | #33 |
| selective decreases | #33 |
| ohe patients | #33 |
| cns concentrations | #33 |
| proinflammatory cytokines brain | #33 |
| neuronal cell survival | #33 |
| regions brains | #33 |
| otc deficiency | #33 |
| nash treatment | #33 |
| et495 | #33 |
| glycine aspartate | #33 |
| rats ammonia | #33 |
| nac reduction | #34 |
| gad activities | #34 |
| severe neurological symptoms | #34 |
| hepatic artery ligation | #34 |
| metabolite 5 | #34 |
| stupor coma | #34 |
| 11 agematched controls | #34 |
| acetylcholinesterase activities | #34 |
| groups cirrhotic patients | #34 |
| inadequate dietary intake | #34 |
| severe neurological dysfunction | #34 |
| ammonium tartrate | #34 |
| relation brain | #34 |
| cytotoxic brain | #34 |
| nonepileptic controls | #34 |
| nh4oac | #34 |
| encephalopathy hippocampus | #34 |
| manganese tricarbonyl | #35 |
| chapter 29 | #35 |
| chronic hepatic encephalopathy | #35 |
| neuropsychiatric abnormalities | #35 |
| astrocytic glutamate | #35 |
| fatigue rats | #35 |
| space glutamic | #35 |
| neurotransmitter amino | #35 |
| effects manganese | #35 |
| octadecaneuropeptide | #35 |
| free hepatic | #35 |
| severe compromise | #35 |
| total thiamine | #35 |
| dawley reverse | #35 |
| overt encephalopathy | #35 |
| ammonia concentrations | #35 |
| type gaba | #35 |
| activation proinflammatory | #35 |
| fluid ammonia | #35 |
| cerebral cortical astrocytes | #36 |
| astrocyte glutamate | #36 |
| electricalfield stimulation | #36 |
| brain regions studies | #36 |
| uptake glutamate | #36 |
| cycle glucose | #36 |
| acid brain | #36 |
| muscarinic sites | #36 |
| synthesis glutamate | #36 |
| thioacetamide treatment | #36 |
| aom treatment | #36 |
| numerous etiologies | #36 |
| astrocytic glutamine | #36 |
| arterial ammonia | #36 |
| detoxification product | #36 |
| increased blood glucose | #37 |
| acute receptors | #37 |
| mice ammonia | #37 |
| protein glutamate | #37 |
| blood manganese levels | #37 |
| perivenous hepatocytes | #37 |
| alf mice | #37 |
| 3beta5alpha | #37 |
| mild hypothermia therapy | #37 |
| csf cisterna magna | #37 |
| excitotoxic mechanism | #37 |
| increased voluntary | #37 |
| astrocytic marker | #38 |
| increase glutamine | #38 |
| glutamatergic function | #38 |
| gfap immunohistochemistry | #38 |
| ammonium acetate | #38 |
| failure male | #38 |
| hypothermia attenuates | #38 |
| glutamate ammonia | #38 |
| brain rats | #38 |
| brain amino acids | #38 |
| corneal reflex | #38 |
| posterior columns | #39 |
| glutamine formation | #39 |
| concomitant decreases | #39 |
| findings increased | #39 |
| chronic alcoholism | #39 |
| loss gene expression | #39 |
| severe liver dysfunction | #39 |
| brain regional distribution | #39 |
| hyperammonaemic | #39 |
| clive | #39 |
| thiamine administration | #39 |
| pdhc | #39 |
| benzodiazepine antagonist | #39 |
| pca surgery | #39 |
| quin levels | #40 |
| concentrations catecholamines | #40 |
| argininic acid | #40 |
| arginine uptake | #40 |
| ammonia homeostasis | #40 |
| neurological alterations | #40 |
| acetylcoa levels | #40 |
| nmdamediated excitotoxicity | #40 |
| dheas | #40 |
| glutamine glycine | #40 |
| increased density | #40 |
| concentration areas | #40 |
| etiology severity | #40 |
| liver inasl | #40 |
| regiondependent manner | #40 |
| seizures mental retardation | #40 |
| nitroarginine rats rats | #40 |
| regionally selective | #40 |
| activation nmda receptor | #41 |
| lateral vestibular nucleus | #41 |
| brain taurine | #41 |
| brain benzodiazepine receptors | #41 |
| regions concentrations | #41 |
| cellcell signalling | #41 |
| brain extracts | #41 |
| increased glutamate release | #41 |
| thiamine metabolism | #41 |
| vulnerable area | #41 |
| acid neurotransmitter | #41 |
| sgc activation | #41 |
| detoxification ammonia | #41 |
| complications chronic | #41 |
| regulation caveolin1 | #41 |
| deficiency disease | #41 |
| complex pdhc | #42 |
| cerebral alterations | #42 |
| trace amines | #42 |
| cerebral glutamine | #42 |
| thdoc | #42 |
| illness terminology topic | #42 |
| benzodiazepine sites | #42 |
| pk11195 binding | #42 |
| nonalcoholic patients | #43 |
| carbamoyltransferase deficiency | #43 |
| acute ammonia intoxication | #43 |
| transcarbamylase | #43 |
| metabolism acute | #43 |
| glutamine insulin | #43 |
| increased neuronal | #43 |
| gabaa tritium | #43 |
| liver assist | #43 |
| treament | #44 |
| western brain dna | #44 |
| increased serotonin | #44 |
| sarcopenia cirrhosis | #44 |
| reduction brain | #44 |
| ammonia increases | #44 |
| behavioral excitation | #44 |
| toxic liver | #44 |
| aged portacaval | #44 |
| cerebral levels | #44 |
| mechanisms disorder | #44 |
| ohe mhe | #44 |
| ataxia humans | #44 |
| severe hyperammonemia | #44 |
| acid glutamine | #44 |
| model congenital | #45 |
| aspartate gaba | #45 |
| cholinergic neuronal | #45 |
| glutamate transporter | #45 |
| welldefined areas | #45 |
| ventral white matter | #45 |
| mild encephalopathy | #45 |
| small meals | #45 |
| thiamin deficiency | #45 |
| isoquinolines kinetics | #45 |
| mice etanercept | #45 |
| cortex dose | #45 |
| brain gamma | #46 |
| treatment downregulation | #46 |
| fatigue controls | #46 |
| exposed ammonia | #46 |
| cortex glutamate | #46 |
| 11cnmethylspiperone | #46 |
| normoglycemic rats | #46 |
| brain oxidative metabolism | #46 |
| metabolism astrocytes | #47 |
| glutamate aspartate | #47 |
| alcoholic cirrhotics | #47 |
| distinctive pattern | #47 |
| brain amino | #47 |
| microsomes isolated | #47 |
| neurosteroid | #47 |
| pathophysiologically | #47 |
| human rat brain | #47 |
| anaplerotic flux | #47 |
| rtpcr experiments | #47 |
| glutamate removal | #47 |
| benzodiazepine receptors | #47 |
| 3hmuscimol | #48 |
| 113cglucose | #48 |
| maob | #48 |
| allopregnanolone concentrations | #48 |
| hyperammonemia | #48 |
| cerebellum medulla | #48 |
| central nervous function | #48 |
| age injection | #48 |
| neurotoxic agents | #48 |
| mitochondrial benzodiazepine | #48 |
| thalamus pons | #48 |
| amino acid synthesis | #48 |
| sites nmda | #48 |
| cerebral dysfunction | #48 |
| concomitant increases | #48 |
| tnf brain | #48 |
| cerebellum patients | #49 |
| glycerol phenylbutyrate | #49 |
| neurotoxic actions | #49 |
| nmda binding | #49 |
| voluntary ethanol | #49 |
| ammonia detoxification | #49 |
| rcts low risk | #49 |
| brain tryptophan | #49 |
| central benzodiazepine | #49 |
| pallidal | #49 |
| alcoholic dementia | #50 |
| levels brain | #50 |
| manganese middle | #50 |
| expression glt1 | #50 |
| brain banks | #50 |
| hepatic encephalopathy study | #50 |
| rational explanation | #50 |
| effects body temperature | #50 |
| increased extracellular | #50 |
| hepatic congestion | #50 |
| extracellular glycine | #50 |
| tyrosine ammonia | #50 |
| inflamed brain | #51 |
| false neurotransmitters | #51 |
| glutamate receptors nmda | #51 |
| acids measured | #51 |
| electromyographic evaluation | #51 |
| early microglial activation | #51 |
| righting | #51 |
| management hepatic | #51 |
| lcarnitine treatment | #51 |
| brain concentrations | #52 |
| alcoholic cirrhotic | #52 |
| friedreichs ataxia patients | #52 |
| 12 rats | #52 |
| neurobehavioral disturbances | #52 |
| severe stages | #52 |
| altered permeability | #52 |
| synthesis glutamine | #52 |
| early losses | #52 |
| pse | #52 |
| complex rats | #52 |
| mice carnitine | #52 |
| nitroarginine rats | #52 |
| cognitive motor dysfunction | #52 |
| vivo microdialysis | #52 |
| treatment alf | #53 |
| 3hkainate | #53 |
| rats portacaval shunt | #53 |
| pathophysiologic | #53 |
| 3hmuscimol binding | #53 |
| central histaminergic | #53 |
| neurosteroid synthesis | #53 |
| neurosteroid pregnenolone | #53 |
| mechanisms proposed | #54 |
| portacaval shunts | #54 |
| mildest form | #54 |
| ischemic liver | #54 |
| cerebral inflammation | #54 |
| portacaval shunt pcs | #54 |
| stroke penumbra | #54 |
| neuropsychiatric syndrome | #54 |
| gene expression liver | #54 |
| substitutive therapy | #54 |
| activation guanylate cyclase | #54 |
| subsequent alteration | #54 |
| liver atrophy | #54 |
| kidney testis | #54 |
| occludin levels | #55 |
| human disorder | #55 |
| activation glutamate receptors | #55 |
| glutathione plasma | #55 |
| messenger spraguedawley receptors | #55 |
| hyperglycemic | #55 |
| encephalopathy hyperammonemia | #55 |
| concomitant reductions | #55 |
| heterogenity | #55 |
| neurotransmitter agents | #55 |
| ca2dependent release | #56 |
| delays onset | #56 |
| severe cognitive dysfunction | #56 |
| oxidative nitrosative | #56 |
| regions rats | #56 |
| awaits | #56 |
| levels allopregnanolone | #56 |
| deficiency decreased | #56 |
| h1 receptors | #57 |
| type mitochondrial | #57 |
| current therapeutic options | #57 |
| increased intracellular ca2 | #57 |
| tetrahydroprogesterone | #57 |
| rats ouabain | #57 |
| coma patients | #57 |
| ammonia exposure | #57 |
| resonance signal | #57 |
| mechanisms implicated | #57 |
| failure muscle | #57 |
| brain glutamate levels | #57 |
| brain histamine | #58 |
| dansyl derivatives | #58 |
| activation glutamate | #58 |
| swelling brain | #58 |
| manganese copper | #58 |
| severity encephalopathy | #58 |
| levels amino acids | #58 |
| probenecid treatment | #58 |
| levels ammonia | #58 |
| astrocytes glutamate | #58 |
| nervous complications | #58 |
| pdhc activity | #58 |
| portacaval shunt | #58 |
| lowering strategies | #58 |
| neuropharmacological studies | #59 |
| uptake arginine | #59 |
| acetaminophen toxicity | #59 |
| patients thiamine | #59 |
| 13c enrichments | #59 |
| bilirubin metabolism | #59 |
| hyperammonaemia | #59 |
| gfap gfap mrna | #59 |
| saline treated controls | #59 |
| mechanism protective | #59 |
| cirrhotic patients patients | #60 |
| alcoholics patients | #60 |
| cirrhosis middle | #60 |
| ammonia intoxication | #60 |
| purposing | #60 |
| required cofactor | #60 |
| lazabemide | #60 |
| energy metabolites | #60 |
| spontaneous synaptic activity | #60 |
| brain production | #60 |
| ammonia toxicity | #60 |
| alcoholic patients | #60 |
| il1beta mrna expression | #61 |
| ataxia friedreich | #61 |
| excitotoxic brain injury | #61 |
| 015 mmol | #61 |
| maob maoa | #61 |
| concentrations glutamate | #61 |
| sham operated | #61 |
| stem cerebral | #61 |
| comparable magnitude | #61 |
| subjects free | #61 |
| threefold increase | #61 |
| opioid penicillamine | #61 |
| bz receptors | #61 |
| acid distribution | #61 |
| affinity gaba | #61 |
| suggested role | #62 |
| brain1 | #62 |
| βendorphin | #62 |
| forebrain cholinergic neurons | #62 |
| increased expression mrna | #62 |
| hypertension brain | #62 |
| elevated uptake | #62 |
| receptors pathogenesis | #62 |
| taurine synthesis | #62 |
| ultimate test | #62 |
| portocaval | #63 |
| role glutamate | #63 |
| subclinical hepatic | #63 |
| failure evidence | #63 |
| manganese treatment | #63 |
| manganese intoxication | #63 |
| regions contrast | #63 |
| spectroscopy tomography | #63 |
| heavy drinking day | #63 |
| thiamine | #63 |
| gaba glutamic acid | #63 |
| rtpcr gene expression | #63 |
| metabolism glutamine | #63 |
| focal increases | #63 |
| sodium phenylacetate | #64 |
| disease activities | #64 |
| fatigue pbc | #64 |
| transketolase activity | #64 |
| parietal lobe rats | #64 |
| thalamus gamma | #64 |
| attenuates oxidative | #64 |
| neurosteroid allopregnanolone | #64 |
| brain | #64 |
| neurotoxic substances | #64 |
| manganese deposits | #65 |
| deficiency induced | #65 |
| brain cell death | #65 |
| sodium benzoate | #65 |
| hypokinesia | #65 |
| kcl nacl | #65 |
| frontal parietal cortex | #65 |
| butyrylcholinesterases | #65 |
| brain chemistry | #65 |
| 2454 | #65 |
| glutamine ammonia | #65 |
| symptoms addition | #65 |
| methylhistamine | #65 |
| female flumazenil | #65 |
| ataxia patients | #66 |
| uptake cultured | #66 |
| increases brain | #66 |
| putative endogenous ligands | #66 |
| brain water | #66 |
| 13cnmr | #66 |
| gaba animals | #66 |
| isethionic | #66 |
| mice sodium | #66 |
| cerebral energy metabolism | #67 |
| brain patients | #67 |
| tyrosine content | #67 |
| brain 24 | #67 |
| ascorbate synthesis | #67 |
| αmethylptyrosine | #67 |
| lactate increase | #67 |
| humans korsakoff | #67 |
| erythrocyte transketolase | #67 |
| decreased concentrations | #68 |
| indian national | #68 |
| glutamate transporter glast | #68 |
| serotonin transport | #68 |
| reduction ammonia | #68 |
| benzodiazepine receptor ligands | #68 |
| selective reductions | #68 |
| osmotic effects | #69 |
| drug repositioning humans | #69 |
| decreased removal | #69 |
| hepatoprotection | #69 |
| active removal | #69 |
| attenuation effects | #69 |
| processing product | #69 |
| substance rats | #69 |
| unleaded gasoline | #69 |
| rats sham operation | #69 |
| electronic manual searches | #70 |
| bergmann glial | #70 |
| reduces brain | #70 |
| glutamic acid hippocampus | #70 |
| cortex caudate | #70 |
| m1 sites | #70 |
| animals benzodiazepines | #71 |
| carbamoyltransferase | #71 |
| glutamates glutamic | #71 |
| alloxan diabetes | #71 |
| shunting | #71 |
| medium concentrations | #71 |
| failure animals | #71 |
| cortex increased | #72 |
| common inborn error | #72 |
| brain allopregnanolone | #72 |
| glutamine brain | #72 |
| organic aciduria | #72 |
| concentration norepinephrine | #72 |
| gabaa tomography | #72 |
| agematched control subjects | #72 |
| hyperammonemia male | #72 |
| hippocampal ca1 subfield | #73 |
| alterations mitochondrial function | #73 |
| ro15 | #73 |
| astrocyte swelling | #73 |
| homologous structures | #73 |
| sites observed | #73 |
| onset neurological | #73 |
| cerebroprotective effects | #73 |
| pse patients | #73 |
| thiamine treatment | #73 |
| glutamine glutamate | #73 |
| glutamic | #74 |
| decrease brain | #74 |
| brain content | #74 |
| cortex chromatography | #74 |
| gaba steroids | #74 |
| astrocytes brain | #74 |
| bath concentration | #74 |
| mechanisms involving | #74 |
| fully elucidated | #75 |
| superfused slices | #75 |
| normal limits | #75 |
| acids hepatic | #75 |
| cerebral cortex patients | #75 |
| nature distribution | #75 |
| expression glial | #75 |
| thiamine transport | #75 |
| severe neurological impairment | #75 |
| receptors studied | #76 |
| receptors gaba | #76 |
| transporter eaat3 | #76 |
| gaba glutamine | #76 |
| cirrhosis brain | #76 |
| larginine uptake | #76 |
| direct toxic effects | #76 |
| glutamate binding | #76 |
| glycine concentrations | #77 |
| metabolite acetaldehyde | #77 |
| millimolar range | #77 |
| alcoholic patients cirrhosis | #77 |
| brain skeletal muscle | #77 |
| muscle acute | #77 |
| glutamate concentration | #77 |
| muscle glutamine | #78 |
| nnos protein | #78 |
| interatomic bonds | #78 |
| brain glucose metabolism | #78 |
| lnitroarginine methyl ester | #78 |
| benzodiazepines binding | #78 |
| function hepatic | #78 |
| oxide liver | #78 |
| l‐carnitine | #79 |
| neuronally | #79 |
| hepatic energy | #79 |
| methylcyclopentadienyl | #79 |
| taming | #79 |
| deep coma | #79 |
| cns function | #79 |
| metabolism brain | #79 |
| excited ground states | #79 |
| semiquantitative rtpcr | #79 |
| previous reports | #79 |
| thiamine triphosphate | #79 |
| encephalopathy treatment | #80 |
| maximal binding | #80 |
| emerging therapeutic target | #80 |
| failure nitric | #80 |
| neurosteroid biosynthesis | #80 |
| medullapons | #80 |
| expression glutamate | #80 |
| quantitative autoradiographic | #80 |
| cresyl violet staining | #80 |
| gaba benzodiazepine | #80 |
| pathogenesis animals | #80 |
| molecular neurobiology | #81 |
| muscle ammonia | #81 |
| astrocyte morphology | #81 |
| controls increased | #81 |
| 85 mmol | #81 |
| study sections | #81 |
| glutamine astrocytes | #81 |
| shortchain acylcoa dehydrogenase | #82 |
| lcarnitine administration | #82 |
| glutamate nitric | #82 |
| chaired | #82 |
| receptor regions | #82 |
| brain extracellular | #82 |
| agents receptors | #82 |
| 3hro15 | #83 |
| ethanol preference | #83 |
| glutamate brain | #83 |
| proposed explain | #83 |
| tca cycle flux | #83 |
| treatment thiamine | #83 |
| elevated ammonia | #84 |
| patients decreases | #84 |
| measured brain | #84 |
| water channel protein | #84 |
| 3hflumazenil | #84 |
| aom induced | #84 |
| devascularization | #84 |
| pbgd | #84 |
| cerebral cortex striatum | #84 |
| pathophysiologic basis | #84 |
| decreased ca2 | #85 |
| concomitant decrease | #85 |
| 3hgammaaminobutyric acid | #85 |
| increase brain | #85 |
| 5ht turnover | #85 |
| maoa maob | #85 |
| ammonia patients | #85 |
| arga | #85 |
| role glutamine | #85 |
| urea cycle enzymes | #85 |
| glutamate amino | #86 |
| central muscarinic | #86 |
| release synaptic | #86 |
| wilsonian | #87 |
| spraguedawley statistics | #87 |
| rats sacrificed | #87 |
| selective vulnerability | #88 |
| 52 mmol | #88 |
| brain binding | #88 |
| complication cirrhosis | #88 |
| concomitantly | #88 |
| csf lactate | #88 |
| tissue brain | #88 |
| benzodiazepines brain | #88 |
| prior onset | #89 |
| exposure ammonia | #89 |
| caudate nuclei | #89 |
| brain regions rats | #89 |
| alpha ketoglutarate | #89 |
| edema cerebral | #89 |
| sham operations | #89 |
| olivopontocerebellar atrophy opca | #89 |
| undoubtedly | #89 |
| role human diseases | #89 |
| encephalopathy ohe | #90 |
| receptor ligand | #90 |
| glutamatemediated excitotoxicity | #90 |
| patients alf | #90 |
| rats species | #90 |
| lactate increased | #90 |
| reduced brain | #91 |
| bcaa concentrations | #91 |
| monoamine neurotransmitters | #91 |
| gaba modulators | #91 |
| neuroinflammatory response | #92 |
| bckdh | #92 |
| leucine concentrations | #92 |
| enzymopathies | #92 |
| altered protein expression | #92 |
| amino acids brain | #92 |
| induced alf | #93 |
| acid liver | #93 |
| widespread damage | #93 |
| congenital deficiencies | #93 |
| thiamin diphosphate | #94 |
| increases extracellular | #94 |
| manganese poisoning | #94 |
| brain compared | #94 |
| brain kidney | #94 |
| mri intensity | #94 |
| neuronal loss | #94 |
| inhibitory neurotransmission | #95 |
| ammonia accumulation | #95 |
| benzodiazepines treatment | #95 |
| patients liver failure | #95 |
| glutamine synthetase expression | #95 |
| acetate administration | #95 |
| induced stereotyped | #95 |
| skeletal muscle brain | #96 |
| βlipotropin | #96 |
| astrocytic function | #96 |
| ornithine phenylacetate | #96 |
| 16 mmol | #96 |
| discrete areas | #96 |
| brain cytokine | #97 |
| brain vivo | #97 |
| ammonia release | #97 |
| astrocytes neurons | #97 |
| covert hepatic encephalopathy | #97 |
| molecules brain | #97 |
| receptors increased | #98 |
| glutamate glutamine | #98 |
| acrylamides animals | #98 |
| hepatocerebral degeneration | #98 |
| dehydroascorbic acid | #98 |
| carbamoyltransferase ornithine | #98 |
| thiamine diphosphate | #98 |
| dorsal tegmental nucleus | #98 |
| glycine transporters | #98 |
| walking gait | #99 |
| examination role | #99 |
| stress ammonia | #99 |
| 3045 | #99 |
| fatigue impact scale | #100 |
| aspartate levels | #100 |
| symptomatic stage | #100 |
| commonly encountered | #100 |
| inhibitory amino acids | #101 |
| proinflammatory | #101 |
| pressure liver | #101 |
| increases levels | #101 |
| temporal cortex | #101 |
| animal hypothermia | #101 |
| tk activity | #102 |
| brain barrier breakdown | #102 |
| levels dheas | #102 |
| lcarnitine | #102 |
| synergistic mechanisms | #102 |
| cerebral cortex cerebellum | #102 |
| microdialysis rats | #102 |
| treatment complications | #102 |
| neurological symptoms patients | #102 |
| controls cirrhotic patients | #103 |
| removal ammonia | #103 |
| brain extracellular space | #103 |
| collisional deactivation | #103 |
| benzodiazepine receptor | #103 |
| brain levels | #103 |
| label incorporation | #104 |
| cerebral oxidative metabolism | #104 |
| thiamine monophosphate | #104 |
| experimental animal models | #104 |
| 90 loss | #104 |
| methylspiperone | #104 |
| regional distribution | #104 |
| experimental models | #105 |
| transporter glt1 | #105 |
| neurological consequences | #105 |
| m3 exposure | #105 |
| olivopontocerebellar atrophy | #105 |
| loss cholinergic | #105 |
| receptors brain | #105 |
| fatigue severity | #105 |
| toxic liver injury | #106 |
| complication liver | #106 |
| receptors rats | #107 |
| 3h8ohdpat | #107 |
| concentrations serotonin | #107 |
| monoamines | #108 |
| sham operated controls | #108 |
| gaba content | #108 |
| dopaminergic dysfunction | #108 |
| current theories | #108 |
| characteristic alterations | #108 |
| ldeprenyl | #109 |
| disease hepatic | #109 |
| glutamate plasma | #109 |
| t1weighted magnetic resonance | #109 |
| symptomatic animals | #109 |
| azoxymethane aom | #110 |
| glutamates humans | #110 |
| deficiency humans | #110 |
| extrapyramidal symptoms | #110 |
| rats hepatic | #110 |
| 3hnisoxetine | #110 |
| reye syndrome | #111 |
| glt1 glast | #111 |
| enzymes brain | #111 |
| 3alpha5alpha | #112 |
| evidence role | #112 |
| activities | #113 |
| expression testis | #113 |
| ligated rats | #113 |
| brain preparations | #113 |
| lymphocytes rats | #113 |
| metabolic block | #113 |
| glutamate synaptic | #113 |
| hypertension liver | #113 |
| midbrain striatum | #113 |
| fco | #114 |
| 57 reduction | #114 |
| radioenzymatic assay | #114 |
| rat astrocytes | #114 |
| nutritional management | #114 |
| nmda receptor expression | #115 |
| experimental animals | #115 |
| brain dogs | #115 |
| decreased synthesis | #116 |
| mammillary body | #116 |
| 3hmepyramine | #116 |
| gabaa gabaergic | #116 |
| pallidum putamen | #116 |
| tips procedure | #117 |
| growing body | #117 |
| cholinergic deficit | #117 |
| opioid brain | #117 |
| friedreich ataxia patients | #117 |
| controls plasma levels | #117 |
| cortex alzheimer | #117 |
| albumin dialysis | #118 |
| arginine deficiency | #118 |
| myelin synthesis | #118 |
| cirrhotic | #118 |
| allopregnanolone | #118 |
| amine levels | #118 |
| brain dopamine | #118 |
| mechanism ammonia | #118 |
| patients fatty liver | #119 |
| apapinduced | #119 |
| nervous dysfunction | #119 |
| hydroxylating | #119 |
| cerebral energy | #119 |
| pathologic manifestations | #119 |
| site densities | #119 |
| opioid beta | #119 |
| genes coding | #120 |
| glutamates | #120 |
| frontal cortex | #120 |
| balb cbyj mice | #120 |
| ouabain induced | #120 |
| 3hketanserin | #121 |
| pugh score | #121 |
| mechanisms pathogenesis | #121 |
| copper manganese | #121 |
| monoamine oxidaseb | #121 |
| brain enzyme | #122 |
| rat brain synaptosomes | #122 |
| brain evidence | #122 |
| unleaded | #122 |
| bergmann glia | #122 |
| nuclear signal | #122 |
| complex activities | #122 |
| selective damage | #123 |
| beneficial patients | #123 |
| normal human brains | #123 |
| implicated | #123 |
| gene expression brain | #124 |
| asterixis | #124 |
| newborn astrocytes cells | #124 |
| modulatory site | #124 |
| icp cbf | #125 |
| ammonia control | #125 |
| neurological signs | #125 |
| striatum cerebellum | #125 |
| 11cpk11195 | #126 |
| ala2mephe4met0ol | #126 |
| ornithine aminotransferase | #126 |
| brain male | #126 |
| synthase nitroarginine | #126 |
| glt1 | #126 |
| ol20 | #126 |
| role ammonia | #126 |
| high‐affinity | #127 |
| cytokines brain | #128 |
| taurine uptake | #128 |
| neuronal cell | #128 |
| proteins nitric | #128 |
| cox2 immunoreactivity | #129 |
| patients friedreichs ataxia | #129 |
| neurochemical mechanisms | #129 |
| glutamate concentrations | #129 |
| chronic alcoholic patients | #129 |
| unanesthetized dogs | #130 |
| agonist action | #130 |
| spontaneous activities | #130 |
| blood ethanol levels | #130 |
| cox2 levels | #130 |
| ammonia levels | #131 |
| llactate dehydrogenase | #131 |
| observed brain | #131 |
| primary deficit | #131 |
| hepatic abnormalities | #132 |
| carnitine administration | #132 |
| continuous supply | #132 |
| animals azoxymethane | #132 |
| blood ammonia | #132 |
| taurine release | #132 |
| α ketoglutarate | #133 |
| factor pathogenesis | #133 |
| ischemia rat | #133 |
| manganese neurotoxicity | #133 |
| lipoamide dehydrogenase | #133 |
| nacetyl cysteine | #133 |
| site human | #133 |
| friedreich | #133 |
| brain glial | #134 |
| lactate accumulation | #134 |
| exposure manganese | #135 |
| models acute | #135 |
| concentrations gaba | #135 |
| kidney skeletal muscle | #135 |
| endogenous amino acids | #135 |
| impact treatments | #136 |
| 3hcitalopram | #137 |
| manganese toxicity | #137 |
| acid ammonia | #137 |
| increased intracranial pressure | #137 |
| psychometric testing | #137 |
| pregnenolone rats | #137 |
| release glutamate | #137 |
| function addition | #137 |
| neuropsychiatric complications | #138 |
| spinocerebellar degeneration | #138 |
| inherited ataxias | #138 |
| disorder animals | #139 |
| cycle enzyme | #139 |
| lornithine | #139 |
| tracer doses | #139 |
| −70°c | #139 |
| chatpositive neurons | #139 |
| cerebral herniation | #139 |
| nanomolar affinity | #139 |
| glutamine alanine | #139 |
| nutritional recommendations | #140 |
| patients friedreich | #140 |
| cortex male | #141 |
| aminobutyric acid | #141 |
| nonbenzodiazepine | #141 |
| concentrations nacl | #141 |
| dehydrogenase pdh | #141 |
| huntingtons chorea | #142 |
| development hepatic | #142 |
| alcoholic nonalcoholic | #142 |
| gaba synaptic | #142 |
| humans isoquinolines | #142 |
| cbyj | #142 |
| cerebellar ataxias | #142 |
| hypothermia induced | #143 |
| brain glucose uptake | #143 |
| lactate alanine | #143 |
| diminished activity | #143 |
| monoamine oxidasea | #143 |
| alternative site | #143 |
| serotonin precursor | #143 |
| insulin hypoglycaemia | #144 |
| selective brain | #144 |
| glutamateglutamine | #144 |
| allosteric agonists | #144 |
| taurine content | #144 |
| brain gaba | #144 |
| delayed myelination | #144 |
| ornithine carbamoyltransferase | #144 |
| dopamine metabolism | #144 |
| inferior olivary nucleus | #145 |
| brain tissue | #145 |
| cerebral microdialysis | #145 |
| hyperglycemic rats | #145 |
| glucose load | #146 |
| relation degree | #146 |
| brain peripheral tissues | #146 |
| receptormediated responses | #146 |
| brain hypothermia | #146 |
| comparable degree | #147 |
| increase presence | #147 |
| lateral vestibular | #147 |
| rapid filtration | #147 |
| lactate brain | #148 |
| energy failure | #148 |
| animals brain | #148 |
| acetyllcarnitine | #149 |
| glutamate neurons | #149 |
| western cells rats | #149 |
| neurosteroids | #149 |
| ohe | #149 |
| diazepam binding inhibitor | #149 |
| cirrhosis hepatic | #149 |
| coa acetyl | #149 |
| failure studies | #150 |
| probenecid rats | #150 |
| consumption ethanol | #150 |
| metabolic impairments | #150 |
| patient tissue | #151 |
| protein tyrosine nitration | #151 |
| zo2 | #151 |
| female friedreich | #151 |
| progesterone metabolites | #151 |
| animals astrocytes | #151 |
| fatigue scores | #151 |
| patients hepatic encephalopathy | #152 |
| beta actin | #152 |
| selective neuronal death | #152 |
| inhibition binding | #153 |
| increased synthesis | #153 |
| testis brain | #153 |
| concentrations amino | #153 |
| impaired brain | #154 |
| alcoholism brain | #154 |
| tight junction proteins | #154 |
| transporter protein | #154 |
| 15 1788 | #155 |
| increased cerebral | #155 |
| brain cerebrospinal | #156 |
| ammonia ligase | #156 |
| experimental male rats | #156 |
| neuroactive | #157 |
| affinity uptake | #157 |
| protein acute | #157 |
| 1788 | #157 |
| radioenzymatic | #157 |
| korsakoff syndrome | #158 |
| ethanol day | #158 |
| dimethadione | #158 |
| gfap expression | #159 |
| water brain | #159 |
| prominent increase | #159 |
| glt1 expression | #159 |
| nitrosative | #159 |
| increased 5 | #159 |
| 3methoxytyramine | #160 |
| astrocytosis | #160 |
| brain dysfunction | #160 |
| groups responses | #160 |
| glutamate ampa | #160 |
| expression hepatic | #161 |
| neuropathologically | #161 |
| diphosphatase | #161 |
| reaction ammonia | #161 |
| gfap mrna | #161 |
| synaptosomal uptake | #162 |
| increased stimulation | #162 |
| mercaptans | #162 |
| homogenates | #162 |
| perivenous | #162 |
| vicious cycle | #163 |
| affinity transport | #163 |
| neurological evaluation | #163 |
| rats nitric | #163 |
| manganese concentrations | #164 |
| mice acetaminophen | #164 |
| glutamine production | #164 |
| increased degradation | #164 |
| transketolase | #164 |
| victor | #165 |
| human alcoholics | #165 |
| regions levels | #166 |
| extracellular concentrations | #166 |
| brain energy metabolism | #166 |
| glast | #166 |
| bergmann glial cells | #166 |
| neurotransmitter | #167 |
| male manganese | #167 |
| increased cerebrospinal | #167 |
| aids aidsrelated complex | #167 |
| increased csf | #167 |
| dansyl chloride | #167 |
| benzodiazepine | #167 |
| severe signs | #167 |
| surgical models | #168 |
| neurotoxic compounds | #168 |
| deficiency liver | #168 |
| precise role | #169 |
| malateaspartate shuttle | #169 |
| monophosphatase | #170 |
| strains spectrometry | #170 |
| complications liver | #171 |
| acetaminophen acetylcysteine | #171 |
| medial geniculate nucleus | #171 |
| increase pge2 | #171 |
| elevated activities | #171 |
| transport brain | #172 |
| expression alpha1 | #172 |
| early increases | #172 |
| ketoglutarate | #172 |
| terms relationship | #172 |
| apap administration | #172 |
| rats protective | #173 |
| protein gfap | #174 |
| complex pyruvate | #174 |
| dehydroascorbic | #175 |
| chain amino | #175 |
| taurine concentrations | #175 |
| binding calcium | #175 |
| stereotyped behavior | #175 |
| brain energy | #175 |
| synergistic actions | #175 |
| gfap immunoreactivity | #176 |
| guanidino compounds | #177 |
| neurological dysfunction | #178 |
| eaat4 | #178 |
| neurological complications | #178 |
| fine motor function | #179 |
| patients plasma levels | #179 |
| symptoms including | #180 |
| serotonin 5hydroxytryptamine | #180 |
| brain monoamine | #180 |
| rats csf | #180 |
| 3hflunitrazepam | #181 |
| brain concentration | #181 |
| autoradiography binding | #181 |
| experimental hepatic | #181 |
| biochemical consequences | #182 |
| accumulation brain | #182 |
| dheas dhea | #182 |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate | #182 |
| patients mhe | #183 |
| competitive brain | #183 |
| neuropsychiatric | #183 |
| nutritional consequences | #184 |
| nnos mrna | #184 |
| animals antimetabolites | #184 |
| glast glt1 | #185 |
| neurological disorder | #185 |
| branchedchain amino acids | #185 |
| fluorescence analysis | #185 |
| amphetamine apomorphine | #185 |
| mm kcl | #186 |
| expression occludin | #187 |
| stress pathogenesis | #187 |
| controls regions | #187 |
| sequellae | #187 |
| spraguedawley serotonin | #187 |
| otc | #188 |
| dehydrogenase complex | #188 |
| cb154 | #188 |
| compared sham | #188 |
| dawley serotonin | #188 |
| alcar | #188 |
| pcr ratio | #188 |
| rat cerebellum | #189 |
| highaffinity uptake | #189 |
| vasogenic brain edema | #189 |
| aminobutyric | #190 |
| agonist properties | #190 |
| dopamine turnover | #191 |
| aged ammonia | #192 |
| pregnanolone | #192 |
| specific ligand | #192 |
| studies alterations | #193 |
| righting reflex | #194 |
| gilles tourettes syndrome | #194 |
| pavlov | #194 |
| patient material | #194 |
| limited therapeutic | #195 |
| gamma aminobutyric | #195 |
| of3h | #195 |
| patients immunohistochemistry | #195 |
| intracellular receptors | #196 |
| expression tight | #197 |
| tissue patients | #197 |
| mice acute | #197 |
| unaltered | #198 |
| mrna protein expression | #198 |
| astrocyte function | #198 |
| guanidino | #198 |
| concomitant loss | #198 |
| manganese compounds | #198 |
| thalamus hippocampus | #199 |
| substitutive | #200 |
| experimental chronic | #200 |
| 35 degrees | #200 |
| mitochondria neurons | #200 |
| noradrenaline transporter | #200 |
| glutamatergic synaptic | #200 |
| etiology patients | #200 |
| highest density | #201 |
| csf concentrations | #201 |
| brainstem structures | #201 |
| synthetase expression | #201 |
| translation clinic | #202 |
| severity liver disease | #202 |
| cerebral glucose utilization | #202 |
| equal | #202 |
| activation brain | #202 |
| therapeutic interventions | #203 |
| vitro receptor | #203 |
| activities increased | #203 |
| benzodiazepine binding | #204 |
| chronic alcohol abuse | #204 |
| ketone oxidoreductases | #205 |
| cns dysfunction | #205 |
| trials low risk | #206 |
| poor nutrition | #206 |
| manganism | #206 |
| grc | #206 |
| cuznsod | #206 |
| ldh5 | #207 |
| ldh1 | #207 |
| central noradrenergic | #207 |
| astrocytic response | #209 |
| immunohistochemistry messenger receptors | #209 |
| laboratory rat | #209 |
| neuropathological studies | #209 |
| ethanol increased | #210 |
| bergmann | #210 |
| overt hepatic | #210 |
| uptake pattern | #210 |
| concomitant increase | #210 |
| millimolar concentrations | #211 |
| cns gaba | #212 |
| isoquinolines male | #212 |
| laspartate | #212 |
| histopathological studies | #212 |
| patients liver dysfunction | #212 |
| brain structures | #212 |
| cerebellum striatum | #213 |
| address issue | #214 |
| plasma ammonia | #214 |
| patients died | #214 |
| gabaa receptor agonist | #214 |
| 3h8 | #215 |
| role pathogenesis | #215 |
| nitrite nitrate levels | #216 |
| failure mice | #216 |
| animals liver | #216 |
| glutamine cycle | #216 |
| key factor | #216 |
| glutamine synthetase activity | #217 |
| bbb breakdown | #217 |
| noradrenergic function | #217 |
| cultured rat astrocytes | #218 |
| thiamine vitamin | #219 |
| taurine animals | #219 |
| 3hro | #219 |
| inbred strains spectrometry | #220 |
| excitatory neurotransmitters | #221 |
| glutamate exposure | #221 |
| agonal | #221 |
| new therapeutic opportunities | #221 |
| 3 post | #222 |
| level severity | #222 |
| terry | #223 |
| death mechanisms | #224 |
| deficient animals | #224 |
| cyclase sgc | #225 |
| vulnerable period | #226 |
| 2 quality | #226 |
| gaba receptor | #227 |
| il1beta mrna | #228 |
| exposure inhalation | #228 |
| hepatic microcirculation | #228 |
| gaba cns | #228 |
| acute chronic exposure | #229 |
| animals effects | #229 |
| cortical synaptosomes | #229 |
| excitatory transmitter | #229 |
| mk801 treatment | #230 |
| cholestatic rats | #230 |
| opca | #230 |
| shunt | #230 |
| muscarinic cholinergic | #230 |
| previous report | #231 |
| glutamate excitotoxicity | #231 |
| receptor ligands | #231 |
| hippocrates | #231 |
| extracellular glutamate | #232 |
| rats weeks | #233 |
| glutamate transport | #234 |
| increased intracranial | #234 |
| increasing evidence | #234 |
| spraguedawley reference values | #234 |
| brain deposition | #235 |
| cau | #235 |
| phosphate esters | #235 |
| liver injury mice | #236 |
| resonance study | #236 |
| pair fed | #236 |
| serotonin tryptophan | #237 |
| 3hglutamate | #237 |
| pdh complex | #238 |
| lc3 lipidation | #238 |
| glial proliferation | #238 |
| encephalopathy mhe | #239 |
| animals rats | #239 |
| multiple systematic reviews | #240 |
| concentrations elevated | #240 |
| binding brain | #240 |
| end‐stage liver disease | #240 |
| levels glutamate | #240 |
| reduced glutathione levels | #240 |
| presynaptic neuron | #241 |
| caudate putamen | #241 |
| nacl kcl | #241 |
| psychoactive medications | #241 |
| minimal hepatic | #241 |
| brain samples | #242 |
| cycle disorders | #242 |
| 13cacetate | #242 |
| neurobehavioral | #243 |
| sgc | #243 |
| glur2 | #243 |
| treatment central | #243 |
| neuronal membrane | #244 |
| manganese concentration | #244 |
| cerebral cortex hippocampus | #244 |
| normal processes | #244 |
| neuronal localization | #244 |
| alf patients | #244 |
| aged monoamine | #245 |
| hypothalamus hypothalamus | #245 |
| neurologic assessment | #246 |
| tritium animals | #246 |
| bloodbrain barrier breakdown | #246 |
| unchanged | #246 |
| glutamine concentration | #246 |
| acids animals | #246 |
| plasma brain | #247 |
| nonpregnant rats | #247 |
| synaptosomal preparations | #247 |
| soluble guanylate | #247 |
| minimal hepatic encephalopathy | #248 |
| hippocampal sclerosis | #248 |
| histaminergic | #248 |
| 5 hydroxyindoleacetic | #248 |
| neuroactive steroids | #248 |
| allosteric coupling | #249 |
| betaep | #249 |
| deficient rats | #249 |
| synaptic transmission | #250 |
| increased expression | #250 |
| glutamate transporter glt1 | #250 |
| findings activation | #251 |
| reactive nitrogen intermediates | #251 |
| glutamate gaba | #251 |
| fatigue chronic | #252 |
| gaba uptake | #252 |
| symptoms brain | #253 |
| animals aspartic | #253 |
| reduced cerebral | #253 |
| focal loss | #254 |
| rats taurine | #255 |
| brain caudate | #256 |
| rat cerebellar | #256 |
| watersoluble vitamins | #256 |
| brain disorder | #257 |
| norepinephrine turnover | #257 |
| alterations expression | #257 |
| therapeutic measures | #257 |
| 4513 | #257 |
| soluble guanylate cyclase | #257 |
| animals ataxia | #258 |
| pallidum | #258 |
| mhe | #258 |
| – brain | #259 |
| transporters amino | #259 |
| choline acetyltransferase | #259 |
| rats time factors | #259 |
| ed1 | #259 |
| receptor autoradiography | #259 |
| glutamine synthetase | #260 |
| precipitating factors | #260 |
| phenylalanine levels | #260 |
| agents rats | #260 |
| gene expression alterations | #261 |
| liver liver failure | #261 |
| endogenous ligands | #262 |
| liver skeletal muscle | #262 |
| binding ligands | #262 |
| treatment neurological disorders | #262 |
| acetyl carnitine | #263 |
| neurological impairment | #263 |
| concentrations brain | #264 |
| liver testis | #264 |
| gamma tumor | #264 |
| spf | #264 |
| muscle rigidity | #264 |
| alcoholic male | #264 |
| gabaergic neurotransmission | #265 |
| rats compared | #265 |
| cisterna | #265 |
| calleja | #265 |
| cerebellar pathology | #266 |
| dopamine spiperone | #267 |
| reactive gliosis | #267 |
| male c57bl6 mice | #267 |
| dopamine noradrenaline | #267 |
| isoquinolines | #268 |
| protein gene expression | #268 |
| cell volume regulation | #268 |
| electrically stimulated | #268 |
| contributory | #269 |
| expression nitric | #270 |
| hepatic | #271 |
| female hepatic | #271 |
| sleep abnormalities | #271 |
| pharmacological manipulation | #272 |
| octanoic acid | #272 |
| microdialysates | #272 |
| brain human | #272 |
| displaceable | #272 |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid | #272 |
| brains | #274 |
| neurotransmitter systems | #274 |
| greenwood | #276 |
| expression brain | #277 |
| normal conditions | #277 |
| quin | #277 |
| neuronal cell death | #278 |
| glutamate uptake | #279 |
| tryptamine | #280 |
| gamma liver | #280 |
| national association | #280 |
| neurotoxic action | #280 |
| metal toxicity | #281 |
| striatum cerebral cortex | #281 |
| microassay | #281 |
| 14c2 | #281 |
| guanylate cyclase | #282 |
| gaba levels | #282 |
| intracranial hypertension | #282 |
| maoa | #283 |
| glur3 | #283 |
| severe neurological | #284 |
| 3mt | #284 |
| cortical astrocytes | #284 |
| behavioural impairment | #284 |
| ucds | #285 |
| nitrated proteins | #285 |
| barrier breakdown | #285 |
| ht release | #285 |
| concentrations dopamine | #285 |
| acute hepatic failure | #287 |
| glomerular filtrate | #287 |
| deficiency disorders | #288 |
| acid astrocytes | #289 |
| excitatory amino acids | #289 |
| reduction oxidative stress | #290 |
| adult values | #290 |
| apap hepatotoxicity | #290 |
| azoxymethane | #291 |
| patients fatigue | #292 |
| ligands male | #292 |
| mice cerebral | #292 |
| brain cerebellum | #292 |
| human liver disease | #292 |
| glutamine | #293 |
| reduced capacity | #293 |
| failure rats | #293 |
| effects hypothermia | #293 |
| brain regional | #293 |
| concentrations zinc | #293 |
| autoradiographic studies | #293 |
| induced swelling | #294 |
| blood – | #294 |
| odn | #294 |
| altered expression | #294 |
| substantial increases | #295 |
| synthase expression | #296 |
| betaactin | #297 |
| rats increased | #297 |
| rats western cells | #300 |
| overt hepatic encephalopathy | #300 |
| dawley receptors opioid | #304 |
| groups sham | #304 |
| brain choline | #304 |
| actin mrna | #304 |
| rifamycins rifaximin | #305 |
| lnoarg | #306 |
| cytotoxic mechanism | #306 |
| damaged liver | #306 |
| severe alterations | #306 |
| gamma aminobutyric acid | #306 |
| 3hsch | #307 |
| powerful antioxidant | #307 |
| selection model | #307 |
| glutamate | #307 |
| bioaccumulation | #308 |
| dihydrolipoamide | #308 |
| cerebral function | #308 |
| molecular biological techniques | #310 |
| tight junction protein | #310 |
| serotonin metabolism | #311 |
| brain genes | #312 |
| gaba taurine | #312 |
| 4864 | #312 |
| agonists gaba | #312 |
| treatment rats | #313 |
| rats messenger | #313 |
| male osmolar | #314 |
| secondary biliary cirrhosis | #315 |
| chloride animals | #316 |
| brain serotonin | #316 |
| receptors glutamate | #316 |
| nitrogen metabolism | #318 |
| adjacent sections | #318 |
| mice mutant | #318 |
| humans manganese | #319 |
| mitochondrial proliferation | #319 |
| quantitative autoradiography | #319 |
| basal ganglia patients | #319 |
| cultured hippocampal neurons | #320 |
| cell death mechanisms | #320 |
| rats brain | #320 |
| dehydrogenase activity | #321 |
| tailpipe | #321 |
| 235triphenyltetrazolium chloride | #322 |
| eaat3 | #322 |
| isethionate | #323 |
| aqp4 expression | #324 |
| thalamus | #325 |
| acid 5 | #325 |
| complications outcome | #327 |
| nervous function | #327 |
| decreased brain | #327 |
| neurochemical studies | #327 |
| olivopontocerebellar | #328 |
| 5 hiaa | #328 |
| uptake increased | #329 |
| pathol | #329 |
| flumazenil | #330 |
| cerebellar astrocytes | #330 |
| β endorphin | #331 |
| sites human | #331 |
| proinflammatory cytokines | #333 |
| uptake brain | #333 |
| locomotor | #333 |
| aaas | #333 |
| experimental rat | #334 |
| 13cglucose | #335 |
| increased binding | #335 |
| hydroxyindoleacetic | #335 |
| neurotransmitter uptake | #335 |
| 8 rats | #336 |
| brain accumulation | #336 |
| nitrotyrosine | #337 |
| inhalation exposure | #338 |
| responsible | #339 |
| cortex brain | #339 |
| transport defect | #340 |
| positive synergistic | #340 |
| human hepatic | #341 |
| biological plausibility | #341 |
| pdh activity | #341 |
| mutant rats | #342 |
| cerebral cortical | #342 |
| reyes syndrome | #343 |
| benzodiazepine site | #344 |
| altered mental status | #344 |
| brain 5 | #344 |
| placebo improvement | #345 |
| dehydrogenase humans | #345 |
| activation nmda | #346 |
| dansyl | #346 |
| vulnerable | #347 |
| acid gaba | #347 |
| control values | #347 |
| intraventricularly | #347 |
| bdl rats | #349 |
| marked decreases | #349 |
| glutamate levels | #350 |
| pigs groups | #350 |
| increased immunoreactivity | #350 |
| patients dying | #351 |
| nonalcoholics | #351 |
| alanine amino | #351 |
| consequent increase | #352 |
| cortex cerebellum | #352 |
| manganese | #353 |
| series studies | #354 |
| consumption rats | #354 |
| western brain | #354 |
| apapinduced liver injury | #354 |
| proinflammatory cytokine release | #354 |
| expression increased | #355 |
| complex male | #356 |
| brain excitability | #356 |
| duct ligated | #356 |
| thiamine supplementation | #356 |
| receptor sites | #357 |
| deterioration | #357 |
| wellestablished model | #358 |
| 5hiaa | #358 |
| postmortem brain tissue | #358 |
| proposed role | #359 |
| convulsions | #359 |
| onset brain | #359 |
| glutamate homeostasis | #361 |
| increase extracellular | #361 |
| mammalian brain | #361 |
| autoradiography brain | #362 |
| histamine h1 | #363 |
| reduced plasma | #363 |
| neuroinflammatory | #363 |
| metabolic events | #363 |
| rats cns | #364 |
| 9998 | #365 |
| expression pglycoprotein | #365 |
| acids branched | #366 |
| white matter structures | #366 |
| posttranslational rats rats | #367 |
| neuroglia | #367 |
| folic acid antagonists | #368 |
| methoxytyramine | #369 |
| sulfate dheas | #370 |
| cerebral oedema | #370 |
| 56 mm | #370 |
| nacetylcysteine nac | #371 |
| sites binding | #371 |
| perineuronal | #372 |
| glutamate synthesis | #372 |
| metabolic impairment | #372 |
| affinities | #373 |
| encountered | #373 |
| induction cox2 | #373 |
| chemical forms | #373 |
| acid rats | #373 |
| 3hmk801 | #375 |
| accompanied | #375 |
| astrocytes microglia | #375 |
| highaffinity | #376 |
| anaplerotic | #376 |
| ca1 subfield | #376 |
| antioxidant nacetylcysteine | #377 |
| nh3 nh4 | #377 |
| ngnitro | #378 |
| acetyltransferase chat | #378 |
| cirrhosis alcoholic | #378 |
| novo synthesis | #379 |
| basal ganglia thalamus | #380 |
| positive allosteric | #380 |
| cell swelling | #380 |
| pons | #382 |
| epileptic patients | #382 |
| acute chronic | #382 |
| pregnenolone | #383 |
| overwhelming evidence | #383 |
| densities | #385 |
| dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase | #386 |
| transporter glut1 | #386 |
| exposure brain | #386 |
| phenylalanine tyrosine | #388 |
| acetylcholine synthesis | #390 |
| pbz | #390 |
| cerebral edema | #390 |
| focal cerebral ischemia | #390 |
| effects administration | #390 |
| hyperglycemic conditions | #390 |
| pet assessment | #392 |
| mice enos | #393 |
| thioacetamide induced | #394 |
| phthalaldehyde | #394 |
| glycine transporter | #394 |
| phenylacetate | #395 |
| scatchard plot | #395 |
| model acute | #396 |
| failure induced | #396 |
| positive allosteric modulator | #397 |
| carnitine levels | #397 |
| omega 3 | #398 |
| methylhistamines | #399 |
| pathophysiological mechanism | #399 |
| bbb permeability | #399 |
| korsakoff | #400 |
| patients platelets | #400 |
| acetyl coa | #400 |
| vestibular nucleus | #400 |
| frontal | #401 |
| insulin metabolism | #401 |
| falls patients | #402 |
| inferior olive | #402 |
| radioligands | #403 |
| rats purpose | #405 |
| liver gut | #407 |
| concerted effort | #407 |
| marker enzymes | #408 |
| methionine sulfoximine | #408 |
| neuropathologic | #408 |
| releasable | #410 |
| adult activities | #412 |
| dopaminergic neurones | #414 |
| shunt surgery | #415 |
| patients ataxia | #416 |
| forebrain cholinergic | #416 |
| ketamine anesthesia | #417 |
| gabaa gammaaminobutyric acid | #418 |
| pk11195 | #419 |
| intellectual function | #419 |
| fibrillary | #421 |
| alcoholic liver | #421 |
| serotonin content | #422 |
| asparagine | #423 |
| rats animal | #423 |
| sham operation | #423 |
| housekeeping gene | #423 |
| regions brain | #423 |
| hypothermia | #424 |
| diazepam binding | #424 |
| tissues brain | #425 |
| salinetreated controls | #425 |
| direct evidence | #426 |
| binding parameters | #426 |
| aidsrelated complex | #426 |
| exsanguination | #427 |
| rats mutant | #428 |
| hepatocyte necrosis | #430 |
| protein utilization | #431 |
| glutamine levels | #431 |
| sacrificed | #432 |
| dawley tissue | #434 |
| hippocampus frontal cortex | #434 |
| peripheral benzodiazepine | #434 |
| onset severe | #434 |
| rats experimental | #435 |
| patients pbc | #437 |
| cytotoxic edema | #437 |
| benzoate | #438 |
| 12 control subjects | #438 |
| addition evidence | #439 |
| isoquinoline | #440 |
| ligand selectivity | #440 |
| central process | #441 |
| attenuates | #441 |
| neurological syndrome | #442 |
| acids brain | #442 |
| brain glucose | #443 |
| 13c enrichment | #443 |
| patients encephalopathy | #443 |
| brain microglia | #443 |
| arginine transport | #443 |
| glyt1 | #444 |
| cultured astrocytes | #444 |
| operated | #445 |
| cultured cerebellar | #445 |
| compounds rats | #446 |
| butterworth | #446 |
| brain water content | #447 |
| liver skeletal | #450 |
| pyruvate dehydrogenase | #450 |
| agematched controls | #450 |
| topographic distribution | #450 |
| brain tissue patients | #451 |
| effects liver | #451 |
| acute mice mice | #451 |
| t1weighted mri | #453 |
| severe liver | #454 |
| s100beta | #455 |
| central pontine myelinolysis | #455 |
| aged amino | #455 |
| immunohistochemistry liver | #455 |
| body evidence | #456 |
| h1 receptor | #456 |
| parachlorophenylalanine | #456 |
| brain swelling | #456 |
| vitro binding assay | #457 |
| aspartic | #457 |
| impaired liver function | #457 |
| brain monoamines | #458 |
| brain alterations | #460 |
| neurobiology | #460 |
| effects brain | #460 |
| increased release | #461 |
| neuropathology | #462 |
| equivocal | #463 |
| 5ht levels | #463 |
| substantial body | #463 |
| neurological | #465 |
| dentate nuclei | #466 |
| hepatic glutathione | #466 |
| neurobehavioural | #467 |
| studies reveal | #468 |
| central cholinergic | #469 |
| glutamic acid | #469 |
| reye | #470 |
| amino acid levels | #471 |
| monoamine metabolism | #471 |
| urea production | #472 |
| alcoholic liver disease | #473 |
| patients hippocampal | #473 |
| putamen patients | #474 |
| gaba glycine | #475 |
| ox42 | #475 |
| liver dysfunction | #475 |
| glutamate transporters | #475 |
| inherited defects | #476 |
| alcohol brain | #477 |
| thiamin | #477 |
| release proinflammatory cytokines | #479 |
| thiamine pyrophosphate | #479 |
| amino acid transporters | #480 |
| acid humans | #480 |
| parkinsons diseases | #481 |
| inferior colliculus | #482 |
| acute male | #482 |
| images brain | #482 |
| chronic alcoholics | #484 |
| brain csf | #484 |
| nitric oxide synthase | #487 |
| triphosphate amino | #488 |
| concentrations increased | #488 |
| manganese levels | #488 |
| acids rats | #490 |
| urea ammonia | #491 |
| multinuclear nmr spectroscopy | #491 |
| role brain | #492 |
| jadad | #492 |
| increased production | #492 |
| glial fibrillary | #492 |
| ischemic cortex | #493 |
| pet ligand | #494 |
| pyruvates | #495 |
| ammonium ion | #495 |
| emitted radiation | #495 |
| aspartate glutamate | #495 |
| outer mitochondrial membrane | #495 |
| schaffer collaterals | #496 |
| hexanones | #496 |
| rat hippocampal | #496 |
| neurons nitric | #499 |
| ataxic | #499 |
| brain diseases | #501 |
| beneficial | #502 |
| brain synaptosomes | #505 |
| 3hd | #505 |
| 5 hydroxytryptophan | #507 |
| ketoacid | #508 |
| acid metabolites | #509 |
| fatal complication | #510 |
| gene therapy treatment | #510 |
| histamine h1 receptors | #511 |
| medulla oblongata | #511 |
| increased icp | #511 |
| discrete brain regions | #511 |
| exposure rats | #515 |
| acids amino | #516 |
| major feature | #517 |
| abnormal metabolism | #517 |
| chain acyl | #518 |
| humans neurons | #518 |
| concentrations 5 | #521 |
| ltrp | #523 |
| neurochemistry | #523 |
| inflammation mediators | #525 |
| toxic agents | #526 |
| brain female | #530 |
| rat hippocampal slices | #530 |
| aom | #531 |
| agents dopamine | #533 |
| receptor complex | #533 |
| dawley receptors | #533 |
| 100 µg | #534 |
| muscle loss | #534 |
| neurotoxins | #534 |
| focal cerebral | #534 |
| ligation bdl | #534 |
| combined actions | #535 |
| cerebellum cerebral | #536 |
| bdz | #537 |
| divalent metals | #538 |
| selective | #539 |
| severe liver disease | #539 |
| carroll | #539 |
| alcoholic cirrhosis | #539 |
| tipss | #540 |
| tyrosine nitration | #541 |
| hydroxymethylbilane | #541 |
| moderate drinking | #542 |
| brain astrocytes | #542 |
| moderate increase | #543 |
| portasystemic | #544 |
| pyruvate oxidation | #544 |
| aspartate | #544 |
| chronic liver | #545 |
| liver enzyme | #545 |
| organic osmolytes | #545 |
| energy metabolism | #546 |
| model hepatic | #547 |
| cumene | #548 |
| dissected | #548 |
| unanesthetized rats | #548 |
| nitrosative stress | #548 |
| alpha1 alpha2 | #549 |
| unconjugated bilirubin | #549 |
| thalamic lesions | #550 |
| brain region | #551 |
| taurine levels | #551 |
| genes brain | #553 |
| fatigue patients | #553 |
| glutamatergic neurotransmission | #554 |
| brain cytokines | #554 |
| water ammonia | #555 |
| increased uptake | #555 |
| nmda receptor antagonist | #556 |
| disease liver | #557 |
| rats bile | #558 |
| failure liver | #558 |
| levels hepatic | #563 |
| microdialysate | #563 |
| gabaergic gaba | #563 |
| cortex female humans | #564 |
| hydroxytryptophan | #564 |
| microglial response | #566 |
| mhe patients | #567 |
| malnutrition patients | #567 |
| serum bilirubin levels | #567 |
| established role | #568 |
| ischemia liver | #568 |
| lhistidine | #569 |
| transient increase | #569 |
| autoradiographic | #569 |
| neurotransmitter glutamate | #571 |
| neurologic signs | #573 |
| pathway brain | #574 |
| gaba | #574 |
| decarboxylase gad | #576 |
| octopamine | #577 |
| outcome liver | #577 |
| il1beta expression | #578 |
| expression mrnas | #578 |
| apap induced | #578 |
| oxobutanoate | #580 |
| liver pathology | #580 |
| biogenic monoamines | #581 |
| octanoic | #582 |
| pyridinium compounds | #582 |
| increases blood | #582 |
| brain metabolism | #583 |
| histological lesions | #583 |
| 5hydroxytryptophan | #584 |
| neurobehavioral effects | #588 |
| monoamine oxidases | #589 |
| edema formation | #589 |
| bloodbrain barrier | #589 |
| human spinal | #590 |
| activity brain | #591 |
| 13c nuclear | #592 |
| toxic levels | #593 |
| accompanying | #593 |
| catalytic sites | #594 |
| endogenous opioid | #594 |
| pathophysiological mechanisms | #594 |
| t1weighted imaging | #597 |
| highenergy phosphates | #598 |
| aminobutyric acid gaba | #599 |
| extracellular fluid | #600 |
| include | #601 |
| neuronal nitric | #601 |
| leigh disease | #601 |
| neuroglial | #601 |
| 3hcholine | #602 |
| taurine | #602 |
| largest increases | #604 |
| male nitric | #606 |
| methyltyrosines | #606 |
| glutamine humans | #607 |
| vermis | #608 |
| extracellular compartment | #608 |
| acetyl | #609 |
| cirrhosis | #609 |
| molecular studies | #609 |
| male metabolism | #610 |
| cortical slices | #610 |
| ventricular enlargement | #612 |
| ammonia concentration | #612 |
| friedreich ataxia | #612 |
| animals autoradiography | #614 |
| neurovascular unit | #615 |
| spraguedawley receptors | #615 |
| axonopathy | #616 |
| microglial | #616 |
| selective accumulation | #616 |
| c57bl6 mice | #618 |
| artery ligation | #618 |
| tricarboxylic | #618 |
| normothermic | #619 |
| increased expression genes | #620 |
| mammillary | #620 |
| acidic protein | #621 |
| junction proteins | #624 |
| controls addition | #624 |
| oxidase mao | #625 |
| new approaches | #625 |
| hippocampal slices | #625 |
| amino acid concentrations | #626 |
| semi quantitative | #626 |
| edema brain | #627 |
| nimesulide | #628 |
| hepatic levels | #628 |
| experimental animal model | #628 |
| clf | #629 |
| dbi | #629 |
| free radical formation | #630 |
| neurobehavior | #631 |
| blood borne | #631 |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate dheas | #633 |
| ataxia | #634 |
| allosteric interactions | #635 |
| urea synthesis | #635 |
| dopamine striatum | #635 |
| contributory role | #635 |
| encephalopathies | #636 |
| neurological damage | #637 |
| levels observed | #638 |
| neuroinflammation | #638 |
| harper | #638 |
| astrocyte cultures | #638 |
| cerebellum | #639 |
| deleterious effects | #640 |
| conduction velocities | #640 |
| rats glucose | #641 |
| acid hippocampus | #643 |
| receptor densities | #644 |
| neuronal excitability | #645 |
| excitatory inhibitory | #645 |
| early role | #646 |
| frontal temporal | #647 |
| nntetraacetic acid | #647 |
| chronic exposure | #647 |
| desoxycorticosterone | #652 |
| matsumoto | #652 |
| branched chain | #653 |
| excitatory amino | #653 |
| cytokines tnf | #654 |
| tricarbonyl | #655 |
| gabaa gaba | #656 |
| 1400w | #657 |
| mental state | #657 |
| enos gene | #659 |
| acid transporter | #659 |
| dawley sodium | #661 |
| potential toxic effects | #662 |
| cerebral cortex | #663 |
| uptake release | #664 |
| metabolic basis | #665 |
| 3hspiperone | #665 |
| fibrillary acidic | #666 |
| cycle enzymes | #668 |
| heterogeneous distribution | #669 |
| cogent | #670 |
| minocycline treatment | #673 |
| inhibitory properties | #673 |
| potassium concentration | #675 |
| metabolism rats | #675 |
| 7ni | #678 |
| 7nitroindazole | #679 |
| evoked release | #682 |
| neuropathological | #683 |
| reduction expression | #683 |
| regional specificity | #684 |
| ornithine | #684 |
| excitatory | #684 |
| millimolar | #684 |
| ammonia treatment | #684 |
| gammaaminobutyric acid | #685 |
| frontal cortex hippocampus | #686 |
| cerebral atrophy | #688 |
| microg m3 | #688 |
| spraguedawley | #688 |
| protein tspo | #691 |
| hepatic damage | #695 |
| ca1 pyramidal cells | #695 |
| brain regions | #695 |
| fulminant | #695 |
| daily administration | #697 |
| acetylcysteine animals | #697 |
| extrapyramidal | #698 |
| synthase nnos | #698 |
| enzyme complex | #699 |
| bcaas | #700 |
| brain disorders | #700 |
| blood‐brain barrier | #701 |
| immunolabeling | #701 |
| normoglycemic | #703 |
| ammonia production | #703 |
| autophagy markers | #704 |
| rats dawley receptors | #705 |
| ethanol ingestion | #706 |
| quinolinic | #706 |
| acetylcysteine nac | #709 |
| cornerstone | #711 |
| glut1 expression | #714 |
| cortex rats | #715 |
| reductions | #719 |
| bmax values | #723 |
| phenylbutyrate | #723 |
| surgical samples | #724 |
| 6 day | #724 |
| nutritional status patients | #725 |
| acute hepatic | #726 |
| ketoglutaric | #729 |
| serotoninergic | #730 |
| contribute | #730 |
| expression isoforms | #736 |
| intensive study | #737 |
| piribedil | #740 |
| fluorimetric detection | #741 |
| mm nacl | #742 |
| ligation liver | #744 |
| dopaminergic function | #745 |
| cerebellar granule | #746 |
| biochemical alterations | #746 |
| methylglucose | #747 |
| tight junction | #748 |
| glucose oxidation | #749 |
| male microdialysis | #749 |
| choline acetyltransferase chat | #752 |
| cytochrome oxidase activity | #753 |
| scatchard analysis | #754 |
| alterations | #754 |
| illness terminology | #756 |
| glutamate glu | #757 |
| portasystemic shunt | #757 |
| delta receptors opioid | #758 |
| alcoholism animals | #760 |
| ergic | #761 |
| varying degrees | #762 |
| ammonium chloride | #763 |
| substantial evidence | #763 |
| tryptamines | #764 |
| opioid delta receptors | #764 |
| neutron activation analysis | #765 |
| levels 5 | #768 |
| excitotoxic | #769 |
| normal liver function | #769 |
| gdh | #769 |
| barrier permeability | #770 |
| control genes | #773 |
| newborn astrocytes | #774 |
| peripheral organs | #775 |
| cellular energy metabolism | #776 |
| ethanol consumption | #777 |
| increased blood | #778 |
| brain gene | #780 |
| species reactive | #783 |
| hepatic dysfunction | #783 |
| receptor function | #784 |
| cortex thalamus | #785 |
| mnsod | #785 |
| methods principal findings | #785 |
| messenger rats | #786 |
| glut1 | #786 |
| globus pallidus | #787 |
| nakatpase | #787 |
| early alterations | #789 |
| brain function | #790 |
| major route | #791 |
| spraguedawley receptors messenger | #791 |
| probenecid | #791 |
| 2 fold | #792 |
| glyceraldehyde3 phosphate | #792 |
| hypothermia treatment | #793 |
| specific ligands | #793 |
| rat cerebral | #795 |
| selective effects | #796 |
| typical cases | #796 |
| ethanol solution | #797 |
| plasma clearance | #797 |
| neuronal integrity | #799 |
| severity liver | #799 |
| nitroarginine | #801 |
| pertinence | #805 |
| hiaa | #806 |
| nh4cl | #807 |
| neurotoxic effects | #807 |
| ultimately | #807 |
| pyruvate metabolism | #808 |
| mrna protein | #809 |
| chat | #811 |
| acute brain injury | #812 |
| predilection | #812 |
| role astrocytes | #812 |
| enos mice | #815 |
| update | #816 |
| coma | #816 |
| glycolytic activity | #819 |
| cerebellar granule cells | #820 |
| nmethyldaspartate | #822 |
| pbc patients | #823 |
| eaat1 | #823 |
| iii groups | #824 |
| pathogenesis treatment | #825 |
| complete disappearance | #825 |
| edema | #826 |
| age matched | #826 |
| alzheimer type | #828 |
| atomic absorption spectrometry | #828 |
| synthesis rates | #829 |
| nitrite nitrate | #829 |
| glial | #830 |
| water homeostasis | #831 |
| neurons astrocytes | #831 |
| alcoholics | #832 |
| diseases alcoholic | #832 |
| eaat2 | #833 |
| monoamine | #834 |
| decreases | #835 |
| manifested | #836 |
| operated rats | #837 |
| pathophysiological | #837 |
| explain | #838 |
| amino3 | #838 |
| animal cell | #839 |
| oligonucleotide primers | #839 |
| treatment improvement | #841 |
| metabolic disorder | #842 |
| expression ho1 | #843 |
| cell loss | #845 |
| hypothermia patients | #846 |
| isotopomer | #846 |
| cfos cjun | #848 |
| pharmacokinetic analyses | #849 |
| oblongata | #849 |
| chronic alcohol consumption | #851 |
| gaba receptors | #852 |
| nmda receptor | #853 |
| receptor mediated | #853 |
| matched age | #854 |
| daily injections | #854 |
| consequence | #856 |
| glutamatergic | #856 |
| compromised | #857 |
| bbb integrity | #858 |
| aromatic amino acids | #861 |
| griess | #861 |
| hepatic disease | #862 |
| order role | #862 |
| alcoholic | #862 |
| antioxidant action | #863 |
| continues | #863 |
| inflammatory mechanisms | #866 |
| thalamic nuclei | #866 |
| cerebellar ataxia | #867 |
| early induction | #867 |
| normalizes | #869 |
| manifest | #870 |
| chronic liver disease | #871 |
| oxide rats | #872 |
| fpc | #874 |
| succimer | #877 |
| low risk bias | #880 |
| nmda receptor antagonists | #881 |
| barrier bbb | #882 |
| excitatory amino acid | #882 |
| greater susceptibility | #882 |
| cisterna magna | #882 |
| stimulated release | #887 |
| dehydrogenase | #890 |
| western cells | #890 |
| comatose | #890 |
| multinuclear | #891 |
| shamoperated animals | #891 |
| cultured hippocampal | #892 |
| interfere | #893 |
| nutritional intervention | #893 |
| mutant mouse | #894 |
| lipoamide | #897 |
| neuropsychiatric symptoms | #898 |
| exp | #899 |
| acetaminophen apap | #900 |
| common death | #901 |
| sulfoximine | #901 |
| dizocilpine maleate | #901 |
| cirrhosis pbc | #902 |
| neurons rna | #904 |
| lowering | #904 |
| experimental animal | #905 |
| quinolinic acid | #905 |
| pcs | #907 |
| autopsy brain | #907 |
| brain activities | #908 |
| acid animals | #912 |
| factor tumor | #912 |
| pathophysiology | #913 |
| colliculus | #913 |
| selective ligands | #913 |
| publication acidosis | #919 |
| placebo intervention | #919 |
| cerebellar degeneration | #920 |
| microdialysis study | #920 |
| rat cortical | #922 |
| liver homogenates | #922 |
| delta receptors | #924 |
| survival mice | #926 |
| urea cycle | #929 |
| striatum hippocampus | #930 |
| pugh | #931 |
| nacetylcysteine | #931 |
| microglial activation | #932 |
| findings evidence | #932 |
| hydroxy2di | #933 |
| activities enzymes | #936 |
| tartrates | #942 |
| developing rat brain | #942 |
| hepatic diseases | #942 |
| reaction water | #942 |
| mammalian cns | #943 |
| injured liver | #943 |
| agents oxidative | #943 |
| rats exposed | #943 |
| study liver | #943 |
| rapid removal | #945 |
| marked | #945 |
| pca | #948 |
| maladies | #949 |
| cirrhosis magnetic | #950 |
| 25mm | #951 |
| concentrations observed | #954 |
| spontaneous release | #957 |
| altered | #962 |
| spraguedawley receptors rats | #963 |
| detailed review | #964 |
| putamen | #967 |
| assay rats | #967 |
| translocator protein | #969 |
| humans hypothermia | #969 |
| moderate hypothermia | #970 |
| increased glycolysis | #971 |
| chronic liver diseases | #971 |
| acid transport | #971 |
| cerebral glucose | #971 |
| intermediary metabolism | #971 |
| nm range | #973 |
| autoradiographic study | #974 |
| kidney heart | #979 |
| aspartic acid | #979 |
| post translational modifications | #980 |
| neurological disease | #983 |
| occludin | #984 |
| oxygenase1 ho1 | #988 |
| 9 mice mice | #990 |
| pdh | #990 |
| effective measures | #990 |
| aquaporin4 | #991 |
| cirrhosis experimental | #991 |
| brain oedema | #992 |
| rats ethanol | #992 |
| spared | #993 |
| increased plasma | #993 |
| propylaminotetralin | #998 |
| damage mechanisms | #999 |
| adaptive mechanisms | #1006 |
| role oxidative stress | #1006 |
| flunitrazepam | #1008 |
| soluble guanylyl | #1008 |
| uptake kinetics | #1008 |
| rifaximin | #1009 |
| cerebro | #1009 |
| metabolic consequences | #1010 |
| rat brain | #1012 |
| neurotoxic | #1013 |
| progressing | #1013 |
| modulatory | #1015 |
| presymptomatic | #1015 |
| fulminant hepatic | #1016 |
| electrified | #1016 |
| publication amino acids | #1017 |
| ligands receptors | #1019 |
| animal models | #1020 |
| abundant evidence | #1020 |
| unsuspected | #1020 |
| 1h | #1023 |
| acids bcaa | #1023 |
| pallidus humans | #1024 |
| antioxidant anti | #1029 |
| astrocyte | #1030 |
| metabolism inborn | #1031 |
| microsomes | #1032 |
| tele | #1032 |
| etanercept treatment | #1034 |
| 7 hours | #1036 |
| muscle expression | #1038 |
| catalepsy | #1039 |
| interleukin1beta | #1041 |
| nutritional assessment | #1043 |
| monoamine oxidase | #1045 |
| pharmacology | #1048 |
| aqp4 | #1050 |
| gabaergic | #1050 |
| acid decarboxylase | #1050 |
| caudate nucleus | #1053 |
| major factor | #1053 |
| endogenous | #1055 |
| aquaporin 4 | #1056 |
| specific antagonist | #1057 |
| hepatolenticular | #1057 |
| involved pathogenesis | #1058 |
| synthetase | #1058 |
| frontoparietal cortex | #1060 |
| adaptive mechanism | #1060 |
| oxygenase1 | #1064 |
| gabaa receptors | #1066 |
| 5ht neurons | #1067 |
| progression liver | #1067 |
| sodium acetate | #1072 |
| rat hepatocytes | #1075 |
| efficacy treatment | #1075 |
| membrane preparations | #1077 |
| reflex | #1077 |
| inflammation infection | #1078 |
| glucose blotting | #1080 |
| accompanies | #1081 |
| gilles | #1083 |
| enzyme activities | #1083 |
| 34dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | #1085 |
| nonneuronal | #1086 |
| content increased | #1090 |
| lactate concentrations | #1092 |
| complex carbohydrates | #1092 |
| major players | #1095 |
| muscle brain | #1097 |
| radioligand assay | #1098 |
| intense staining | #1099 |
| awaiting | #1099 |
| rat primary | #1101 |
| baptaam | #1102 |
| normal physiological conditions | #1106 |
| cell culture studies | #1107 |
| tpp | #1107 |
| junction protein | #1108 |
| medial septum | #1109 |
| 5 mm | #1111 |
| hyperintensity | #1111 |
| assay receptors | #1113 |
| human brain tissue | #1116 |
| inflammation role | #1117 |
| patients alzheimers disease | #1117 |
| cirrhotics | #1118 |
| atrophy brain | #1122 |
| severe malnutrition | #1122 |
| ischemic core | #1127 |
| sprague | #1128 |
| findings role | #1129 |
| cirrhosis male | #1129 |
| astrocytes | #1130 |
| transient elevation | #1131 |
| amino acids | #1134 |
| tetrabenazine | #1135 |
| weight brain | #1137 |
| age controls | #1138 |
| diagonal band | #1139 |
| haloperidol humans | #1142 |
| oxide synthase | #1143 |
| receptors histamine | #1145 |
| hepatobiliary | #1146 |
| pyruvate | #1148 |
| worsens | #1153 |
| lactic acidosis | #1153 |
| nonepileptic | #1153 |
| dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate | #1154 |
| control tissue | #1157 |
| altered brain | #1162 |
| biogenic amines | #1163 |
| cresyl | #1166 |
| portosystemic | #1167 |
| h1 | #1168 |
| benzilate | #1171 |
| combustion products | #1172 |
| emax | #1173 |
| enzymologic | #1174 |
| lactate | #1177 |
| etanercept | #1179 |
| rats subjected | #1180 |
| parkinsonian symptoms | #1181 |
| glutamate dehydrogenase | #1182 |
| peripheral tissues | #1182 |
| nerve conduction | #1183 |
| nnos | #1185 |
| rats receptors | #1185 |
| urine levels | #1186 |
| principally | #1189 |
| mechanisms involved | #1191 |
| synaptic cleft | #1192 |
| cardinal features | #1192 |
| hyperintensities | #1193 |
| delta opioid | #1196 |
| causal factor | #1197 |
| rapid onset | #1198 |
| gabaa receptor | #1199 |
| transcriptase polymerase | #1201 |
| venous blood | #1204 |
| dopamine uptake | #1205 |
| dawley | #1205 |
| death cells | #1207 |
| acetyl cysteine | #1207 |
| hepatolenticular degeneration | #1209 |
| development brain | #1211 |
| increasing body | #1214 |
| direct effects | #1216 |
| stereotypy | #1218 |
| binding inhibitor | #1220 |
| brains mice | #1220 |
| radiometric | #1220 |
| pig model | #1221 |
| 5htp | #1222 |
| nmethyld | #1223 |
| fold increase | #1224 |
| neuropsychological impairment | #1226 |
| skeletal rats rats | #1226 |
| mitochondrial swelling | #1228 |
| deprenyl | #1229 |
| wilson disease | #1229 |
| transjugular | #1229 |
| 100 iu | #1232 |
| circadian rhythmicity | #1234 |
| cultured rat | #1234 |
| severity assessment | #1234 |
| hippocampus vitro | #1236 |
| spraguedawley receptors opioid | #1239 |
| hyperexcitability | #1239 |
| nakatpase activity | #1239 |
| congenitally | #1241 |
| hypermetabolism | #1242 |
| glyceraldehyde3 | #1242 |
| brain axis | #1246 |
| partial recovery | #1251 |
| elucidation | #1252 |
| kinetics male | #1253 |
| receptors neurotransmitter | #1254 |
| sprague dawley | #1255 |
| convincing evidence | #1258 |
| methyl aspartate | #1259 |
| gabaa | #1260 |
| albumen | #1261 |
| 5hydroxyindoleacetic acid | #1261 |
| clinical entities | #1262 |
| hippocampus striatum | #1262 |
| acetylcysteine | #1262 |
| myoinositol | #1264 |
| overactivation | #1270 |
| 1h 13c | #1271 |
| astroglial | #1271 |
| olfactory bulbs | #1273 |
| maleate | #1276 |
| rats expression | #1276 |
| vicious | #1281 |
| apoenzyme | #1281 |
| milligram | #1281 |
| congenital | #1281 |
| variable degree | #1282 |
| glutamate decarboxylase | #1287 |
| patients tle | #1288 |
| loss expression | #1288 |
| induced inhibition | #1289 |
| brain inflammation | #1290 |
| metabolite | #1291 |
| acid male | #1291 |
| acid cycle | #1291 |
| cortex kidney | #1292 |
| quisqualate | #1294 |
| ischemia cerebral | #1295 |
| rifamycins | #1296 |
| radioreceptor | #1296 |
| deficient | #1297 |
| dawley animals | #1297 |
| protective | #1297 |
| zinc concentrations | #1300 |
| permeability blood | #1301 |
| synaptosomes | #1302 |
| potential therapeutic approach | #1305 |
| frontoparietal | #1306 |
| opioid delta | #1308 |
| 7 males | #1308 |
| caveolin1 | #1310 |
| neuronal dysfunction | #1310 |
| 5mm | #1314 |
| liver | #1314 |
| heme oxygenase1 | #1316 |
| greater magnitude | #1317 |
| adrenals | #1318 |
| 35°c | #1319 |
| threefold | #1320 |
| receptors methyl | #1321 |
| invariably | #1324 |
| neurotransmission | #1325 |
| dopamine serotonin | #1328 |
| nanomolar | #1328 |
| guanylyl | #1329 |
| appearance | #1329 |
| major complication | #1334 |
| animal electrophoresis | #1334 |
| signaling mechanisms | #1335 |
| acetyltransferase | #1337 |
| phosphate dehydrogenase | #1344 |
| cerebellum hippocampus | #1344 |
| astrocytes cells | #1346 |
| cgmp pathway | #1349 |
| heavy drinkers | #1350 |
| transporter proteins | #1352 |
| brain effects | #1358 |
| neuronal | #1361 |
| dopamine female | #1361 |
| interleukin1 receptors | #1364 |
| female globus | #1364 |
| shunt tips | #1368 |
| male rats rats | #1369 |
| hypoglycaemic | #1375 |
| small decrease | #1378 |
| fur | #1380 |
| electrolyte balance | #1381 |
| aromatic amino | #1383 |
| bile duct ligation | #1386 |
| chelation therapy | #1387 |
| synergism | #1387 |
| nitrated | #1388 |
| gaba agonists | #1389 |
| ca2independent | #1392 |
| preliminary studies | #1394 |
| neurological sequelae | #1395 |
| transamination | #1396 |
| occipital cortex | #1401 |
| intrauterine growth | #1402 |
| immediateearly genes | #1403 |
| pallidus | #1409 |
| guanylate | #1409 |
| larginine | #1412 |
| selectively | #1416 |
| cerebral | #1417 |
| patients findings | #1425 |
| paper details | #1426 |
| normo | #1427 |
| mutant strains | #1429 |
| acute brain | #1433 |
| motor nerve | #1441 |
| paralleled | #1444 |
| shamoperated | #1445 |
| childpugh score | #1450 |
| common approaches | #1450 |
| mitochondrial membranes | #1451 |
| risk falls | #1451 |
| peripheral | #1452 |
| longer wavelength | #1453 |
| hypoglycaemia | #1455 |
| effective prevention | #1456 |
| intraventricular injections | #1456 |
| benzodiazepinones | #1459 |
| clonazepam | #1460 |
| modulatory effects | #1462 |
| hydroxydopamines | #1465 |
| studies brain | #1471 |
| quinuclidinyl | #1472 |
| swelling | #1477 |
| brain tissues | #1479 |
| patients liver disease | #1481 |
| saturable | #1482 |
| 13c | #1485 |
| 23390 | #1485 |
| deficiency | #1486 |
| characteristic | #1488 |
| excitatory neurotransmission | #1488 |
| gfap | #1491 |
| dopamine agents | #1499 |
| messenger rats rats | #1504 |
| neuroprotective role | #1505 |
| primary concern | #1509 |
| bilirubin levels | #1509 |
| histological studies | #1509 |
| increases | #1512 |
| volume regulation | #1512 |
| cortex striatum | #1513 |
| primary biliary cirrhosis | #1514 |
| receptor subunits | #1515 |
| herniation | #1516 |
| rat cerebral cortex | #1519 |
| liver disease | #1519 |
| 1h magnetic | #1523 |
| integrity | #1525 |
| glutamic acid decarboxylase | #1525 |
| tyrosine residues | #1527 |
| branched | #1530 |
| tk | #1532 |
| temporal profile | #1539 |
| increased capacity | #1541 |
| transport animals | #1546 |
| brain homogenates | #1547 |
| acetylcarnitine | #1548 |
| apomorphine | #1548 |
| cholinergic | #1549 |
| vitamins minerals | #1550 |
| tricarboxylic acid | #1551 |
| wistar receptors rats | #1552 |
| lactulose | #1554 |
| pathological hallmark | #1557 |
| regional differences | #1557 |
| neurochemical | #1559 |
| lactate levels | #1561 |
| cirrhosis liver | #1564 |
| reflexes | #1566 |
| pathological mechanisms | #1567 |
| extracellular | #1568 |
| neurotransmitters | #1572 |
| poor diet | #1575 |
| major forms | #1579 |
| brain cerebral | #1580 |
| light energy | #1584 |
| scad | #1584 |
| biliary cirrhosis | #1584 |
| tryptophan | #1585 |
| epilepsy tle | #1585 |
| brain cell | #1586 |
| patients review | #1589 |
| ependymal cells | #1591 |
| ngnitrolarginine methyl ester | #1592 |
| new findings | #1594 |
| lesser extent | #1595 |
| pyruvate carboxylase | #1596 |
| aspartate nmda | #1598 |
| llysine | #1600 |
| pbc | #1601 |
| rat hippocampus | #1602 |
| mri signal | #1605 |
| brain slices | #1606 |
| specific therapies | #1606 |
| tdp | #1615 |
| ouabain | #1615 |
| travelled | #1618 |
| unanesthetized | #1623 |
| anastomosis | #1626 |
| acute mice | #1627 |
| neuroglia neurons | #1629 |
| deficient diet | #1631 |
| failure mechanisms | #1633 |
| receptor human | #1635 |
| prevents | #1637 |
| zinc copper | #1640 |
| cerebellar | #1641 |
| tritium | #1642 |
| dorsal raphe nucleus | #1646 |
| regulation animals | #1647 |
| male membrane glycoproteins | #1648 |
| died | #1650 |
| animals cerebral | #1651 |
| experimental treatment | #1651 |
| brain endothelial | #1652 |
| neuromodulatory | #1653 |
| synthase nitric | #1653 |
| amino acid transport | #1654 |
| glutamate receptors | #1657 |
| distribution animals | #1657 |
| fourfold | #1658 |
| extracellular space | #1660 |
| excitotoxicity | #1661 |
| rapid accumulation | #1664 |
| bbb disruption | #1664 |
| striking similarities | #1667 |
| gapdh | #1667 |
| supporting cells | #1669 |
| autoradiography | #1673 |
| previous findings | #1674 |
| synthetase activity | #1675 |
| messenger | #1677 |
| veratrum | #1688 |
| brain area | #1691 |
| dehydrogenase deficiency | #1694 |
| diseases metabolic | #1696 |
| glycogen metabolism | #1701 |
| brainstem | #1704 |
| midbrain | #1708 |
| postulated | #1708 |
| thp | #1710 |
| accumulate | #1716 |
| ibotenic | #1723 |
| fulminant hepatic failure | #1723 |
| inborn | #1724 |
| dizocilpine | #1724 |
| polyclonal antibody | #1725 |
| benzodiazepines | #1726 |
| phenomenon | #1726 |
| il1beta | #1733 |
| alternative mechanism | #1734 |
| animals arginine | #1735 |
| carnitine | #1735 |
| noninvasive techniques | #1737 |
| cumene hydroperoxide | #1737 |
| disorders nervous | #1739 |
| decarboxylase | #1750 |
| normalization | #1756 |
| alternative hypothesis | #1757 |
| liver disease patients | #1757 |
| magna | #1759 |
| consequent | #1760 |
| tricarboxylic acid cycle | #1761 |
| c57bl6 | #1762 |
| shunts | #1762 |
| spiperone | #1763 |
| metabolism glucose | #1769 |
| allosteric | #1770 |
| intrahepatic portosystemic | #1770 |
| critical appraisal | #1773 |
| betaamyloid | #1781 |
| granule neurons | #1785 |
| acetaminophen induced | #1788 |
| muscarinic | #1789 |
| cell damage | #1790 |
| rats spraguedawley receptors | #1791 |
| brain damage | #1791 |
| body temperature | #1794 |
| normothermia | #1794 |
| adult rat brain | #1794 |
| glucose utilization | #1797 |
| common complication | #1799 |
| nmr study | #1802 |
| ampa receptors | #1806 |
| superfusion | #1810 |
| preliminary investigation | #1812 |
| primary metabolism | #1813 |
| coa dehydrogenase | #1815 |
| major organs | #1815 |
| nutritional supplements | #1815 |
| endorphin | #1817 |
| pyruvic | #1822 |
| oxazepam | #1822 |
| rat | #1829 |
| hypertension intracranial | #1832 |
| dorsal raphe | #1833 |
| hippocampal ca1 | #1834 |
| hepatic failure | #1835 |
| vmax values | #1836 |
| major roles | #1837 |
| bdl | #1839 |
| mild | #1840 |
| reuptake | #1843 |
| neurological deterioration | #1844 |
| compared controls | #1845 |
| granule cells | #1846 |
| metalloproteinase9 | #1847 |
| γaminobutyric acid | #1849 |
| toxins | #1850 |
| regulatory processes | #1854 |
| capillary gas chromatography | #1856 |
| ammonium compounds | #1857 |
| chronic alcohol | #1857 |
| monoaminergic | #1862 |
| cirrhotic rats | #1863 |
| liver transplantation patients | #1865 |
| body water | #1865 |
| caudate | #1868 |
| cholinergic neurons | #1872 |
| stroke outcome | #1876 |
| immunoreactivities | #1877 |
| lactate production | #1877 |
| platelets patients | #1882 |
| disorder treatment | #1886 |
| neurotoxicity syndromes | #1886 |
| glutamate release | #1886 |
| beta endorphin | #1892 |
| acute | #1900 |
| locomotor activity | #1902 |
| hepatoprotective | #1903 |
| common feature | #1904 |
| induced liver | #1906 |
| atp adp | #1913 |
| induced rats | #1917 |
| cirrhosis biliary | #1919 |
| stereotyped | #1920 |
| penicillamine | #1920 |
| colorimetric assay | #1921 |
| rodent models | #1923 |
| patients cirrhosis | #1923 |
| grossly | #1925 |
| dipeptides | #1930 |
| behavioral abnormalities | #1932 |
| precipitated | #1934 |
| tspo | #1935 |
| nitration | #1937 |
| areas brain | #1941 |
| patients aids | #1944 |
| neurocognitive impairment | #1945 |
| major metabolite | #1952 |
| major site | #1957 |
| synthase | #1958 |
| dpat | #1961 |
| concomitant | #1962 |
| cerebral metabolism | #1965 |
| normal dogs | #1965 |
| acid transporters | #1966 |
| acid synthesis | #1966 |
| spectroscopy male | #1968 |
| manganese superoxide dismutase | #1970 |
| druginduced liver injury | #1977 |
| 5hydroxytryptamine | #1977 |
| nmethyldaspartate receptors | #1977 |
| globus | #1977 |
| 28 weeks | #1981 |
| mice compared | #1981 |
| degeneration humans | #1986 |
| potassium exchanging | #1987 |
| erk1 | #1990 |
| neurologic symptoms | #1991 |
| duct ligation | #1991 |
| cognitive dysfunction | #1991 |
| idazoxan | #1993 |
| ideal model | #1994 |
| oxotremorine | #1994 |
| 5 ht | #1996 |
| recirculating | #1997 |
| primary biliary | #2000 |
| radioligand | #2001 |
| 2fold increase | #2006 |
| mk801 | #2007 |
| ampa receptor | #2015 |
| heterogeneously | #2017 |
| cerebellar cortex | #2019 |
| overactivity | #2020 |
| injury mice | #2022 |
| arterio | #2023 |
| pet imaging | #2028 |
| glucose brain | #2034 |
| microdialysis | #2036 |
| sham rats | #2036 |
| neurologic complications | #2036 |
| aminoacids | #2036 |
| sham | #2040 |
| peroneal nerve | #2041 |
| osmolytes | #2041 |
| exchanging atpase | #2043 |
| resonance nmr | #2043 |
| cyclase | #2046 |
| cerebri | #2046 |
| pathogenetic mechanisms | #2047 |
| passive diffusion | #2050 |
| suggested | #2053 |
| groups iii | #2063 |
| tracings | #2064 |
| decreased activity | #2064 |
| 10 12 | #2068 |
| dawley rats | #2069 |
| convulsants | #2071 |
| stage liver | #2072 |
| vivo brain | #2074 |
| elucidated | #2077 |
| tumor necrosis factoralpha | #2079 |
| penumbra | #2080 |
| biochemical parameters | #2082 |
| deficit | #2084 |
| acetates | #2087 |
| transjugular intrahepatic | #2089 |
| trace amounts | #2090 |
| international society | #2094 |
| autopsy | #2098 |
| ensuing | #2103 |
| zo1 | #2106 |
| solely | #2108 |
| atrophies | #2109 |
| p0018 | #2111 |
| portal pressure | #2117 |
| nitric oxide synthesis | #2117 |
| parallel | #2121 |
| chp | #2121 |
| synthase type | #2125 |
| neurological manifestations | #2141 |
| ligase | #2142 |
| synergistically | #2143 |
| exception | #2143 |
| brain barrier | #2148 |
| subsequent degradation | #2149 |
| indicative | #2150 |
| rats spraguedawley | #2158 |
| time onset | #2158 |
| bmax | #2158 |
| intracranial pressure | #2167 |
| amnestic | #2169 |
| male rat | #2170 |
| muscimol | #2173 |
| acute effects | #2178 |
| human patients | #2179 |
| neural inhibition | #2180 |
| gaa | #2180 |
| reactive nitrogen | #2187 |
| subchronic | #2189 |
| blood csf | #2194 |
| apap | #2194 |
| increasing recognition | #2200 |
| cox2 | #2203 |
| overt | #2205 |
| parkinsonism | #2209 |
| methysergide | #2212 |
| pressure icp | #2217 |
| homovanillic acid | #2217 |
| vitamin supplements | #2220 |
| hypothermic | #2223 |
| nitroarginine methyl | #2223 |
| brain cells | #2225 |
| function brain | #2230 |
| antiparkinson | #2232 |
| liver enzymes | #2238 |
| minocycline | #2242 |
| pss | #2244 |
| chelators | #2245 |
| neurological disorders | #2248 |
| humans liver | #2249 |
| diminution | #2262 |
| blood brain | #2265 |
| symporters | #2265 |
| liver circulation | #2265 |
| doubt | #2267 |
| nutritional deficiencies | #2268 |
| messenger systems | #2271 |
| gliosis | #2279 |
| behavior rats | #2280 |
| additional factors | #2297 |
| synaptic vesicles | #2297 |
| rats liver | #2299 |
| phosphate | #2300 |
| eeg activity | #2302 |
| acrylamides | #2303 |
| patients minimal | #2304 |
| isoxazolepropionic | #2307 |
| immunoreactive neurons | #2308 |
| superoxide dismutase | #2314 |
| tle | #2315 |
| memantine | #2320 |
| multiorgan failure | #2322 |
| cortex hippocampus | #2325 |
| brain expression | #2326 |
| cultured cerebral | #2327 |
| primary cultures | #2328 |
| systemic inflammatory response | #2328 |
| male nerve | #2330 |
| blindly | #2333 |
| hrqol patients | #2334 |
| housekeeping | #2336 |
| acidosis | #2338 |
| relative increase | #2338 |
| convincing | #2340 |
| scatchard | #2349 |
| lactates | #2359 |
| ligands | #2360 |
| binding assays | #2360 |
| olivary | #2362 |
| benzoic | #2364 |
| inbred strains | #2366 |
| patients increased | #2373 |
| endstage liver disease | #2376 |
| synaptic dysfunction | #2377 |
| voluntary | #2377 |
| competitive inhibitor | #2380 |
| clinical condition | #2391 |
| mental fatigue | #2392 |
| deficiencies | #2392 |
| potential adverse effects | #2393 |
| exchanging | #2401 |
| brains patients | #2401 |
| neurotoxin | #2406 |
| homovanillic | #2416 |
| lnmma | #2430 |
| induced brain | #2432 |
| protein mrna | #2433 |
| transporter 2 | #2443 |
| calcium binding | #2449 |
| cerebral metabolic | #2467 |
| extracellular levels | #2471 |
| 01 mm | #2473 |
| histamine receptor | #2483 |
| fluorescence detection | #2489 |
| peripheral inflammation | #2490 |
| adult male rats | #2491 |
| bbb | #2498 |
| receptors ampa | #2502 |
| synaptic function | #2508 |
| pathogenic role | #2509 |
| count cell | #2510 |
| effects alcohol | #2511 |
| pyridinium | #2513 |
| animal model | #2513 |
| activation microglia | #2514 |
| noxious stimuli | #2518 |
| hypotonia | #2524 |
| vmax | #2529 |
| 5ht | #2530 |
| physical conditioning | #2532 |
| nuclear magnetic | #2534 |
| dopac | #2534 |
| metabolic acidosis | #2541 |
| expression endothelial | #2563 |
| alcohol induced | #2566 |
| male matrix | #2571 |
| fmol | #2572 |
| understanding pathophysiology | #2573 |
| humans ligands | #2573 |
| alpha1 | #2577 |
| ataxias | #2577 |
| receptor density | #2577 |
| vessel walls | #2581 |
| postmortem brain | #2588 |
| microglia neurons | #2591 |
| mao | #2594 |
| multiple mechanisms | #2597 |
| acetylcholinesterase | #2598 |
| cerebrospinal | #2601 |
| groups subjects | #2608 |
| il1β il6 | #2619 |
| possibility | #2621 |
| 10 microm | #2621 |
| cognitive motor | #2623 |
| 15–30 | #2625 |
| greater extent | #2626 |
| methylaspartate | #2630 |
| normalisation | #2632 |
| nitrosation | #2635 |
| biochemical evidence | #2639 |
| deteriorating | #2640 |
| circulating concentrations | #2640 |
| day treatment | #2647 |
| activity rats | #2661 |
| transcriptase | #2663 |
| thalamic | #2663 |
| chc | #2665 |
| nitric | #2665 |
| katpase | #2665 |
| binding competitive | #2668 |
| glutathione levels | #2669 |
| olfactory bulb | #2669 |
| osmolar | #2683 |
| patients alcoholic | #2684 |
| guanylyl cyclase | #2685 |
| glial cell | #2686 |
| serotonin 5 | #2689 |
| effects ethanol | #2695 |
| indwelling | #2704 |
| nerve terminals | #2705 |
| rats control | #2705 |
| laboratory findings | #2710 |
| groups animals | #2715 |
| lactic | #2723 |
| situ nickend | #2733 |
| publication animals behavior | #2737 |
| frontal lobe | #2742 |
| hemodiafiltration | #2755 |
| suggests | #2760 |
| glutaminase | #2764 |
| functional integrity | #2767 |
| regions | #2769 |
| 6hydroxydopamine | #2771 |
| neurons animals | #2774 |
| kindred | #2775 |
| leucine | #2779 |
| turnover rate | #2779 |
| 24h | #2786 |
| systemic circulation | #2789 |
| glutamate receptor | #2789 |
| animal rats | #2790 |
| amino acid | #2798 |
| rhythmicity | #2798 |
| severity patients | #2806 |
| osmolar concentration | #2813 |
| inbred strains mice | #2814 |
| pontine | #2817 |
| exposed | #2821 |
| mechanisms | #2824 |
| hydroxy5 | #2826 |
| microglial cells | #2827 |
| p38mapk | #2831 |
| gastrointestinal agents | #2833 |
| regulation enzymologic | #2834 |
| neurological deficit | #2834 |
| minneapolis | #2835 |
| blood brain barrier | #2841 |
| brain calcium | #2847 |
| marked decrease | #2867 |
| bilirubin | #2876 |
| twofold increase | #2877 |
| alcoholic fatty | #2882 |
| amino | #2882 |
| nerve cells | #2883 |
| alanine | #2885 |
| synaptic | #2888 |
| diabetic animals | #2890 |
| ca2dependent | #2893 |
| pet study | #2897 |
| mmt | #2898 |
| trafficking | #2901 |
| kainate | #2903 |
| slices | #2905 |
| rigidity | #2905 |
| standpoint | #2906 |
| ameliorating | #2910 |
| confirming | #2918 |
| clinical syndrome | #2931 |
| cell volume | #2936 |
| normal control | #2938 |
| dying | #2938 |
| normal animals | #2939 |
| translocator | #2943 |
| subfield | #2943 |
| 12 weeks treatment | #2944 |
| receptors opioid | #2962 |
| impaired | #2964 |
| 11c | #2965 |
| assist devices | #2970 |
| astrocytes cell | #2971 |
| brain uptake | #2974 |
| unaffected | #2982 |
| inflammation liver | #2982 |
| pyruvic acid | #3000 |
| excitatory synapses | #3000 |
| intermediary | #3008 |
| normal values | #3015 |
| aquaporin | #3036 |
| uptake | #3039 |
| kainic | #3043 |
| barrier brain | #3047 |
| cox2 expression | #3051 |
| incubation medium | #3051 |
| ca1 pyramidal | #3053 |
| biliary obstruction | #3054 |
| weighted magnetic | #3069 |
| concert | #3073 |
| tmp | #3076 |
| portosystemic shunt | #3078 |
| metabolite concentrations | #3078 |
| harmful effects | #3082 |
| attenuation | #3083 |
| selegiline | #3086 |
| activated microglia | #3088 |
| reserpine | #3093 |
| liver injury | #3095 |
| cd1 | #3099 |
| catecholaminergic | #3109 |
| atp levels | #3111 |
| adult rats | #3113 |
| renal vein | #3115 |
| valine | #3133 |
| short halflife | #3136 |
| toxic effects | #3137 |
| relative roles | #3149 |
| decreased | #3156 |
| myo inositol | #3161 |
| higher doses | #3168 |
| animals binding | #3169 |
| dhea | #3171 |
| nmda | #3172 |
| loss | #3180 |
| carboxamide | #3189 |
| endorphins | #3192 |
| failure | #3192 |
| relation | #3194 |
| abruptly | #3195 |
| radical scavengers | #3198 |
| bcaa | #3199 |
| inhalation | #3199 |
| mental retardation | #3201 |
| enzymologic genes | #3209 |
| clinical presentations | #3210 |
| liver function | #3214 |
| ketanserin | #3214 |
| heavy drinking | #3218 |
| coenzymes | #3220 |
| noradrenaline | #3224 |
| imidodiphosphate | #3226 |
| active transport | #3232 |
| portal | #3235 |
| gad | #3238 |
| shortchain fatty acids | #3238 |
| acidic | #3243 |
| synaptic membranes | #3244 |
| pyrophosphate | #3248 |
| induced hepatic | #3252 |
| treated rats | #3256 |
| nitrogen species | #3267 |
| systemic | #3276 |
| oxidative metabolism | #3281 |
| respects | #3285 |
| induced seizures | #3287 |
| synaptosomal | #3291 |
| drug repositioning | #3296 |
| behavioral symptoms | #3300 |
| water electrolyte | #3306 |
| kcl | #3307 |
| cell death | #3311 |
| metabolic alterations | #3324 |
| anterolateral | #3326 |
| reverse | #3327 |
| metabolized | #3331 |
| nanomolar concentrations | #3335 |
| sedatives | #3342 |
| general circulation | #3344 |
| nac | #3347 |
| dab | #3352 |
| rats received | #3359 |
| regionally | #3359 |
| benzoates | #3360 |
| membrane transport | #3361 |
| dosedependent fashion | #3364 |
| aspartate receptors | #3366 |
| rats inbred | #3368 |
| subsequent studies | #3371 |
| phenylalanine | #3384 |
| cerebral ischemia | #3388 |
| opioid | #3388 |
| inbred strains receptors | #3389 |
| cortex | #3391 |
| robust evidence | #3394 |
| hydroxytryptamine | #3402 |
| tyrphostins | #3403 |
| galactosamine | #3404 |
| brain disease | #3407 |
| brain lesions | #3412 |
| disturbances | #3421 |
| falls | #3421 |
| histamine | #3423 |
| progressive increase | #3423 |
| ldopa | #3426 |
| quaternary ammonium | #3427 |
| morphologic | #3428 |
| transaminases | #3432 |
| gln | #3436 |
| decreased levels | #3437 |
| modulation | #3439 |
| levels liver | #3443 |
| indole3 | #3446 |
| superior colliculus | #3451 |
| epilepsy temporal | #3453 |
| toxic | #3455 |
| strains mice | #3456 |
| biogenic | #3458 |
| accumulates | #3462 |
| timecourse | #3467 |
| phosphocreatine | #3473 |
| rats rats | #3474 |
| indomethacin | #3480 |
| striatum | #3482 |
| developing rat | #3485 |
| upregulation | #3491 |
| glycine | #3492 |
| brain stem | #3495 |
| liver male | #3497 |
| subcortical structures | #3497 |
| new evidence | #3499 |
| electrochemical detection | #3499 |
| basal ganglia | #3500 |
| lobe epilepsy | #3503 |
| rat models | #3503 |
| previous observations | #3507 |
| aids patients | #3511 |
| huntington | #3515 |
| dehydroepiandrosterone | #3537 |
| aging brain | #3542 |
| neurons oxidative | #3545 |
| rats treatment | #3545 |
| kidney liver | #3555 |
| tyramine | #3558 |
| fold | #3563 |
| cytokines disease | #3576 |
| nerve degeneration | #3584 |
| tissue distribution | #3600 |
| portal vein | #3600 |
| inferior vena cava | #3600 |
| brain structure | #3613 |
| truncated 250 | #3627 |
| antioxidant properties | #3627 |
| pathology | #3635 |
| cofactor | #3636 |
| prolonged exposure | #3636 |
| hypertonic saline | #3638 |
| disease states | #3648 |
| implication | #3650 |
| increased activity | #3655 |
| hydroxydopamine | #3657 |
| precipitating | #3664 |
| ache | #3664 |
| fatty liver | #3666 |
| investigator | #3675 |
| circadian rhythms | #3680 |
| scavengers | #3682 |
| lobe | #3694 |
| splanchnic | #3699 |
| regional variation | #3700 |
| arginine | #3718 |
| proinflammatory cytokine | #3722 |
| new model | #3723 |
| medial | #3735 |
| thioacetamide | #3741 |
| cassette transporters | #3742 |
| treated animals | #3746 |
| induced neurotoxicity | #3751 |
| stress rats | #3755 |
| normal mice | #3758 |
| consensus statement | #3765 |
| dopamine d1 | #3773 |
| 4 wk | #3786 |
| 1968 | #3791 |
| parietal lobe | #3793 |
| acetylcholinesterase ache | #3799 |
| dietary protein | #3801 |
| mitochondrion | #3807 |
| finding | #3814 |
| major | #3815 |
| neural cell | #3825 |
| diazepam | #3825 |
| control animals | #3825 |
| resemble | #3833 |
| western blot analyses | #3838 |
| systemically | #3846 |
| inborn errors | #3846 |
| prefrontal | #3857 |
| effects chronic | #3872 |
| nmr spectroscopy | #3879 |
| malabsorption | #3896 |
| type nitric | #3897 |
| dopamine d1 receptors | #3899 |
| dopa | #3907 |
| enhanced production | #3909 |
| metabolic pathway | #3911 |
| elucidate | #3914 |
| levels measured | #3915 |
| nitric oxide production | #3919 |
| new therapeutic approaches | #3919 |
| tone | #3924 |
| pindolol | #3929 |
| peripheral neuropathy | #3937 |
| ascorbate | #3942 |
| medulla | #3949 |
| reabsorption | #3949 |
| csf | #3949 |
| wet weight | #3951 |
| tourette | #3975 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders | #3978 |
| purkinje cells | #3983 |
| antiinflammatory | #3987 |
| fatigue | #3992 |
| complication | #3992 |
| tca cycle | #4003 |
| pseudotumor | #4006 |
| brain activation | #4009 |
| day 5 | #4011 |
| treatment prevention | #4021 |
| transporter | #4026 |
| nmda receptors | #4053 |
| elevated blood | #4053 |
| bz | #4054 |
| strains receptors | #4069 |
| neurotoxicity | #4070 |
| fischer | #4082 |
| cultured neurons | #4097 |
| remove | #4101 |
| gastrointestinal bleeding | #4103 |
| involve | #4104 |
| nonalcoholic | #4111 |
| intracranial | #4134 |
| coa | #4138 |
| visible spectrum | #4140 |
| induced mitochondrial | #4149 |
| exacerbate | #4165 |
| lower affinity | #4172 |
| future clinical trials | #4178 |
| motor activity | #4178 |
| reverse transcriptase | #4185 |
| nitroso | #4190 |
| nuclear magnetic resonance | #4193 |
| oxide production | #4198 |
| ampa | #4204 |
| endothelial nitric | #4205 |
| liver cirrhosis | #4232 |
| steadystate levels | #4244 |
| knockout receptors | #4249 |
| enkephalins | #4276 |
| tips | #4318 |
| isoenzymes | #4321 |
| pathogenetic | #4326 |
| contention | #4326 |
| 3h | #4342 |
| oxidase inhibitors | #4346 |
| female frontal | #4355 |
| alcohol abuse | #4357 |
| matched | #4358 |
| chelator | #4359 |
| vitro model | #4364 |
| groups rats | #4365 |
| acids | #4373 |
| chorea | #4373 |
| geniculate | #4374 |
| prevention | #4375 |
| ratelimiting enzyme | #4382 |
| neocortical | #4398 |
| rtpcr | #4402 |
| mrna expression | #4418 |
| hepatic artery | #4425 |
| enos | #4425 |
| immunohistochemical analysis | #4428 |
| peripherally | #4430 |
| postnatally | #4433 |
| 10 micrograms | #4438 |
| specific activities | #4449 |
| carbon isotopes | #4449 |
| acid amino | #4455 |
| inos | #4460 |
| tetrahydrobiopterin | #4480 |
| diencephalon | #4481 |
| citric | #4487 |
| agents steroidal | #4499 |
| isoleucine | #4507 |
| chemical drug | #4509 |
| incompletely | #4517 |
| hippocampal neurons | #4518 |
| endogenously | #4521 |
| potent inhibitor | #4528 |
| pglycoprotein | #4535 |
| tissue concentrations | #4552 |
| model chronic | #4561 |
| gssg | #4562 |
| animal studies | #4562 |
| mitochondrial dysfunction | #4575 |
| substantia nigra | #4577 |
| neurological function | #4585 |
| explanation | #4600 |
| acetaminophen | #4606 |
| transaminase | #4608 |
| 250 | #4627 |
| small increase | #4629 |
| liver diseases | #4637 |
| mrna | #4639 |
| narcotic | #4643 |
| models neurological | #4666 |
| enzymes | #4671 |
| myo | #4677 |
| dopamine | #4679 |
| choline | #4683 |
| nitrites | #4684 |
| worsening | #4685 |
| tremor | #4694 |
| relate | #4701 |
| ho1 | #4704 |
| diphosphate | #4705 |
| neuronal survival | #4712 |
| develops | #4714 |
| realtime quantitative pcr | #4719 |
| techniques male | #4729 |
| key enzymes | #4730 |
| debilitating | #4732 |
| skeletal muscle | #4736 |
| amines | #4737 |
| receptors tumor | #4740 |
| motor coordination | #4745 |
| patients liver cirrhosis | #4749 |
| neurovascular | #4749 |
| triphosphate | #4752 |
| receptors | #4761 |
| apoptotic cell death | #4774 |
| patients liver | #4775 |
| neuroprotective agents | #4778 |
| mn2 | #4792 |
| male rats | #4793 |
| ulnar | #4795 |
| opioid peptides | #4821 |
| ganglia | #4828 |
| failing | #4835 |
| membrane cells | #4837 |
| liver regeneration | #4853 |
| regional cerebral | #4875 |
| constellation | #4875 |
| nonselective | #4891 |
| opioid receptors | #4901 |
| modulator | #4905 |
| tyrosine | #4906 |
| transporters | #4906 |
| 001 | #4915 |
| animals antioxidants | #4919 |
| injections intraperitoneal | #4921 |
| neurons rats | #4927 |
| glucose humans | #4936 |
| epilepsy humans | #4940 |
| degree | #4943 |
| kainic acid | #4963 |
| evident | #4988 |
| rapid progression | #4996 |
| viral hepatitis | #4998 |
| indazoles | #5000 |
| methyl2 | #5002 |
| clinical conditions | #5004 |
| 25 mm | #5009 |
| ammonium | #5017 |
| acid metabolism | #5018 |
| neurological diseases | #5024 |
| raphe | #5043 |
| consequences | #5048 |
| immunostaining | #5051 |
| weighted mri | #5053 |
| offspring | #5054 |
| tight | #5055 |
| alcoholism | #5063 |
| cyclooxygenase2 | #5066 |
| malnutrition | #5080 |
| metabolism | #5084 |
| suggesting | #5106 |
| endoperoxide | #5129 |
| clinical criteria | #5130 |
| acid | #5133 |
| nitric oxide | #5140 |
| disorder | #5143 |
| sarcopenia | #5163 |
| anticonvulsant | #5164 |
| glial cells | #5213 |
| temporal lobe | #5226 |
| leads | #5232 |
| animals | #5236 |
| portal hypertension | #5238 |
| child pugh | #5266 |
| severe | #5277 |
| sustained | #5277 |
| normal rats | #5278 |
| cerebrum | #5280 |
| organ dysfunction | #5288 |
| cerebrospinal fluid | #5299 |
| animal brain | #5308 |
| restores | #5312 |
| reversal | #5325 |
| methylarginine | #5330 |
| intoxication | #5344 |
| major impact | #5349 |
| 4 groups | #5350 |
| animal humans | #5364 |
| biomarkers brain | #5401 |
| gastroenterology | #5403 |
| experimental model | #5414 |
| superoxide production | #5416 |
| publication animals | #5417 |
| presynaptic | #5426 |
| induced acute | #5434 |
| regional brain | #5435 |
| gastrointestinal diseases | #5444 |
| intracellular levels | #5450 |
| postsynaptic | #5452 |
| concentrations | #5459 |
| food deprivation | #5463 |
| focal | #5466 |
| blotting western | #5466 |
| thioredoxins | #5505 |
| halflife | #5506 |
| aquaporins | #5515 |
| cns | #5517 |
| involving | #5517 |
| effects exposure | #5523 |
| nash | #5525 |
| controls | #5541 |
| catecholamines | #5549 |
| isolated rat | #5552 |
| affinity | #5553 |
| tca | #5564 |
| glucose metabolism | #5569 |
| lack | #5572 |
| higher density | #5575 |
| sleep disturbances | #5580 |
| hyperbilirubinemia | #5586 |
| glucose transport | #5607 |
| n11 | #5608 |
| summarizes | #5611 |
| platelets | #5615 |
| endotoxemia | #5639 |
| major complications | #5645 |
| free radicals | #5647 |
| postnatal development | #5651 |
| magnetic resonance images | #5652 |
| cachexia | #5666 |
| acute ischemic | #5672 |
| drinkers | #5693 |
| antimetabolites | #5699 |
| tnf | #5709 |
| 73 patients | #5711 |
| transport systems | #5712 |
| receptor binding | #5730 |
| 24 hours | #5741 |
| icp | #5768 |
| evidence base | #5790 |
| precipitate | #5790 |
| dehydrogenases | #5796 |
| nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | #5796 |
| p005 | #5800 |
| brain animals | #5810 |
| depolarization | #5812 |
| aspartate receptor | #5824 |
| serotonin | #5840 |
| substances | #5848 |
| prefrontal cortex | #5859 |
| extravasation | #5862 |
| steroidal | #5865 |
| neuroprotective | #5883 |
| levels elevated | #5885 |
| ketone | #5892 |
| western blot analysis | #5897 |
| appropriately | #5900 |
| mounting evidence | #5926 |
| enkephalin | #5928 |
| potentiate | #5945 |
| detoxification | #5949 |
| disaccharides | #5950 |
| acrylamide | #5950 |
| acid antagonists | #5952 |
| 100 microm | #5954 |
| background objectives | #5954 |
| bulb | #5976 |
| muscle mass | #5993 |
| metabolites | #5993 |
| coenzyme | #5994 |
| etiologies | #5997 |
| anterior cingulate cortex | #6016 |
| antagonist | #6019 |
| butyric | #6023 |
| reversible | #6029 |
| aged rats | #6030 |
| sodium potassium | #6068 |
| additional evidence | #6080 |
| transporter 1 | #6103 |
| methyl4 | #6109 |
| zona | #6114 |
| chemistry | #6120 |
| occurs | #6122 |
| barrier | #6138 |
| trh | #6148 |
| postmortem | #6152 |
| cirrhosis patients | #6152 |
| cortical regions | #6162 |
| hippocampus | #6166 |
| hydroperoxide | #6169 |
| deoxyglucose | #6171 |
| risk bias | #6188 |
| inbred | #6199 |
| esters | #6202 |
| proteins rats | #6221 |
| reduction oxidative | #6231 |
| nervous cns | #6235 |
| disruptions | #6250 |
| vascular endothelium | #6265 |
| anti inflammatory | #6284 |
| mitochondrial function | #6287 |
| hematoxylin | #6290 |
| lactate dehydrogenase | #6298 |
| chain | #6315 |
| carboxylase | #6322 |
| alpha2 | #6323 |
| protein expression | #6343 |
| induced increases | #6360 |
| 20 cases | #6371 |
| rna messenger | #6388 |
| dha | #6392 |
| cbf | #6404 |
| gamma | #6412 |
| remained | #6413 |
| chelating agents | #6422 |
| olfactory | #6441 |
| prosencephalon | #6456 |
| snap | #6464 |
| rats animals | #6469 |
| roi | #6470 |
| antagonists | #6475 |
| peripheral nerve | #6478 |
| histidine | #6482 |
| acyltransferases | #6490 |
| patients chronic | #6498 |
| mesencephalon | #6508 |
| notion | #6511 |
| disease brain | #6514 |
| bromocriptine | #6531 |
| ingestion | #6548 |
| ligation | #6552 |
| dopaminergic | #6553 |
| humans kinetics | #6566 |
| control mice | #6572 |
| longterm treatment | #6575 |
| nomenclature | #6576 |
| disease aged | #6579 |
| physiological function | #6586 |
| humans mitochondria | #6594 |
| oxidase | #6596 |
| microg | #6596 |
| led | #6597 |
| accumulation | #6599 |
| fluid csf | #6600 |
| mmol | #6609 |
| animal dose | #6610 |
| glycolytic | #6625 |
| publication analysis | #6642 |
| inducible nitric | #6643 |
| resonance spectroscopy | #6660 |
| glu | #6665 |
| lowers | #6665 |
| animals bile | #6671 |
| slowing | #6682 |
| p001 | #6684 |
| patients placebo | #6688 |
| proceedings | #6700 |
| interferongamma | #6742 |
| differential effects | #6755 |
| poisoning | #6767 |
| granule | #6768 |
| dystonia | #6769 |
| psychometric | #6774 |
| lad | #6783 |
| rats wistar receptors | #6791 |
| biological transport | #6801 |
| specific regions | #6806 |
| transport proteins | #6806 |
| cortices | #6825 |
| nitrates | #6833 |
| inflammatory processes | #6849 |
| n5 | #6849 |
| protects | #6857 |
| receptors dopamine | #6859 |
| tomography emission | #6887 |
| acetaldehyde | #6894 |
| enter | #6908 |
| patients brain | #6909 |
| sleep disorders | #6915 |
| mitochondrial membrane | #6916 |
| nutritional | #6921 |
| hypothalamus | #6930 |
| humans intracranial | #6937 |
| nutrition | #6972 |
| rendered | #6975 |
| cerebral blood flow | #6981 |
| low affinity | #6986 |
| acid levels | #7005 |
| eosin | #7011 |
| vitamins | #7012 |
| ascites | #7020 |
| adenosine triphosphate | #7030 |
| patients alzheimer | #7040 |
| compensatory | #7089 |
| free radical | #7092 |
| rois | #7098 |
| common form | #7109 |
| general agreement | #7117 |
| expression | #7125 |
| prothrombin | #7133 |
| mice treated | #7139 |
| synthases | #7140 |
| 13c nmr | #7146 |
| methyl | #7151 |
| hippocampus male | #7165 |
| methyl ester | #7177 |
| tartrate | #7178 |
| levels blood | #7198 |
| central nervous cns | #7202 |
| protective agents | #7214 |
| catecholamine | #7216 |
| undertaken | #7226 |
| probiotics | #7244 |
| humans inflammation | #7253 |
| systemic inflammation | #7280 |
| antiinflammatory agents | #7284 |
| neurodegeneration | #7290 |
| male sprague | #7307 |
| bile duct | #7311 |
| additional studies | #7322 |
| animal doseresponse relationship | #7334 |
| nh4 | #7336 |
| glucose transporter | #7337 |
| cyclooxygenase 2 | #7344 |
| life hrqol | #7350 |
| administration | #7353 |
| preliminary evidence | #7358 |
| symptomatic | #7371 |
| neuroprotection | #7374 |
| histamine release | #7378 |
| regional | #7382 |
| urea | #7386 |
| hippocampal | #7389 |
| insult | #7392 |
| pyridines | #7404 |
| intravenous infusion | #7420 |
| competitive | #7424 |
| animal | #7433 |
| excitability | #7442 |
| molecular mechanisms | #7448 |
| restored | #7464 |
| spectrophotometric | #7474 |
| osmotic | #7475 |
| biochemical studies | #7481 |
| ht | #7485 |
| excreted | #7507 |
| urease | #7536 |
| organ specificity | #7540 |
| lipid peroxidation | #7550 |
| dismutase | #7553 |
| pathological conditions | #7553 |
| brain ischemia | #7557 |
| implicating | #7564 |
| onset | #7570 |
| cytoprotection | #7580 |
| neuropathic pain | #7583 |
| imaging magnetic | #7585 |
| chromatography mass | #7603 |
| microglia | #7605 |
| matrix metalloproteinase | #7621 |
| mental status | #7630 |
| blood platelets | #7640 |
| characterized | #7659 |
| neuroprotective effects | #7659 |
| deleterious | #7665 |
| neurologic examination | #7672 |
| cortical neurons | #7687 |
| diminished | #7696 |
| specific binding | #7700 |
| guanidines | #7737 |
| perturbations | #7769 |
| alpha tnf | #7777 |
| oxide | #7779 |
| immunoreactivity | #7801 |
| oedema | #7810 |
| il6 levels | #7833 |
| tissue proteins | #7854 |
| tnf α | #7864 |
| animals blotting | #7882 |
| albumins | #7888 |
| m3 | #7897 |
| ca1 | #7899 |
| brain development | #7915 |
| parietal cortex | #7915 |
| cells brain | #7932 |
| freely | #7932 |
| lname | #7950 |
| aspartate aminotransferases | #7961 |
| assayed | #7986 |
| metabolic | #7989 |
| aetiology | #8016 |
| mouse brain | #8023 |
| alzheimer | #8025 |
| liver transplantation | #8033 |
| ka | #8038 |
| constitutes | #8040 |
| computerized | #8040 |
| organometallic compounds | #8052 |
| established | #8056 |
| brain humans | #8073 |
| cerebrovascular circulation | #8079 |
| chelation | #8081 |
| inferior | #8097 |
| reproduces | #8103 |
| modulate | #8143 |
| confirm | #8153 |
| produces | #8156 |
| large variety | #8164 |
| intraperitoneally | #8167 |
| immunohistochemistry male | #8184 |
| maintained | #8185 |
| benzazepines | #8192 |
| organs | #8193 |
| fluorescence intensity | #8201 |
| reduced | #8207 |
| neurologic | #8214 |
| dopamine receptor | #8253 |
| abnormally | #8260 |
| norepinephrine | #8288 |
| inflammatory agents | #8301 |
| neuronal damage | #8302 |
| antioxidant | #8310 |
| condition | #8326 |
| dependent | #8332 |
| therapeutic implications | #8336 |
| epileptic | #8359 |
| chromatography pressure | #8383 |
| turn | #8404 |
| gray matter | #8407 |
| reflect | #8410 |
| and or | #8413 |
| wistar receptors | #8433 |
| receptor expression | #8442 |
| chain reaction | #8446 |
| hyponatremia | #8454 |
| plasma levels | #8470 |
| citalopram | #8472 |
| hyperglycemia | #8472 |
| stereotaxic | #8495 |
| systemic inflammatory | #8499 |
| polymerase chain | #8501 |
| purkinje | #8517 |
| immunocytochemical | #8519 |
| brain imaging | #8538 |
| chloride | #8546 |
| copper | #8549 |
| intracellular ca2 | #8583 |
| restoration | #8595 |
| hepatotoxicity | #8598 |
| ischemia | #8616 |
| activates | #8631 |
| hippocampus humans | #8641 |
| oxide nitric | #8664 |
| levodopa | #8665 |
| n10 | #8672 |
| inflammatory cytokines | #8690 |
| male middle aged | #8715 |
| organometallic | #8716 |
| pyramidal cells | #8724 |
| retardation | #8736 |
| oxidative | #8742 |
| gsh | #8742 |
| 37°c | #8758 |
| emission computed | #8767 |
| parietal | #8790 |
| potassium chloride | #8814 |
| hplc | #8824 |
| nmr | #8871 |
| superoxide | #8875 |
| tonic | #8879 |
| sulfates | #8892 |
| devoid | #8898 |
| egf receptor | #8905 |
| lactic acid | #8906 |
| minimal | #8910 |
| caveolin | #8912 |
| oxo | #8932 |
| biochemical | #8935 |
| consciousness | #8985 |
| reflected | #9011 |
| intravenous injection | #9019 |
| alanine transaminase | #9038 |
| encephalitis | #9077 |
| emission tomography | #9083 |
| methylmercury | #9099 |
| aminotransferases | #9108 |
| acetate | #9111 |
| syndromes | #9112 |
| brain cognition | #9130 |
| aimed | #9163 |
| awake | #9175 |
| 62 patients | #9176 |
| likewise | #9181 |
| treated mice | #9194 |
| normal | #9207 |
| dysfunction | #9218 |
| corpus striatum | #9247 |
| key factors | #9254 |
| elevated | #9263 |
| deprived | #9285 |
| neuropathy | #9344 |
| cerebrospinal fluid csf | #9364 |
| cerebral blood | #9391 |
| pressure liquid | #9396 |
| deoxy | #9420 |
| immunoblotting | #9445 |
| complications patients | #9489 |
| citric acid | #9505 |
| intrahepatic | #9572 |
| oxidative stress | #9585 |
| irreversible | #9607 |
| naloxone | #9609 |
| absence | #9615 |
| synthase inos | #9615 |
| occipital | #9621 |
| neurons | #9627 |
| seizures | #9631 |
| terminals | #9647 |
| nerve tissue | #9655 |
| postoperative day | #9682 |
| compensate | #9687 |
| micromol | #9692 |
| imaging studies | #9718 |
| ameliorated | #9722 |
| bw | #9727 |
| protective effects | #9749 |
| 2 mm | #9756 |
| 064 | #9783 |
| neuro | #9788 |
| tumor necrosis | #9791 |
| middle cerebral | #9809 |
| chelating | #9823 |
| dependently | #9825 |
| patch clamp | #9830 |
| succinate | #9834 |
| diseases liver | #9842 |
| prevented | #9863 |
| severely | #9864 |
| contributes | #9880 |
| receptor agonist | #9912 |
| microm | #9930 |
| necrosis factor | #9933 |
| quantitative | #9943 |
| tight junctions | #9963 |
| liver cells | #9987 |
| neurobiological | #10000 |
| binding cassette | #10002 |
| central nervous | #10003 |
| conflicting | #10023 |
| kinetic parameters | #10033 |
| cycle | #10052 |
| mediated | #10072 |
| cortical | #10128 |
| cava | #10136 |
| dopamine receptors | #10169 |
| liver damage | #10178 |
| negative impact | #10202 |
| minerals | #10211 |
| stores | #10215 |
| ros production | #10235 |
| attenuated | #10240 |
| expression activity | #10242 |
| cgmp | #10262 |
| glutathione gsh | #10266 |
| transport complex | #10286 |
| plasma concentrations | #10292 |
| plasma patients | #10296 |
| urinary excretion | #10301 |
| adversely | #10328 |
| vitamin deficiency | #10328 |
| forebrain | #10337 |
| cassette | #10370 |
| permeable | #10373 |
| specific activity | #10384 |
| steatohepatitis | #10395 |
| electroencephalogram | #10395 |
| areas | #10419 |
| subacute | #10435 |
| biliary | #10436 |
| protein levels | #10453 |
| hrqol | #10455 |
| liver transplant | #10455 |
| nigra | #10479 |
| cerebral artery | #10481 |
| positron emission tomography | #10525 |
| biosynthesis | #10531 |
| substantia | #10550 |
| nervous | #10616 |
| transmitter | #10626 |
| twofold | #10627 |
| management patients | #10657 |
| lipopolysaccharide | #10674 |
| alzheimers disease | #10694 |
| dose dependent | #10699 |
| normal range | #10730 |
| nutritional status | #10752 |
| protein level | #10752 |
| quaternary | #10765 |
| glutathione | #10772 |
| glucose | #10806 |
| water content | #10826 |
| monophosphate | #10827 |
| liver mice | #10852 |
| vena | #10853 |
| nervous diseases | #10861 |
| microgram | #10880 |
| performance liquid | #10883 |
| entity | #10889 |
| eventually | #10941 |
| intraventricular | #10958 |
| saline | #10968 |
| occur | #10968 |
| dietary proteins | #10978 |
| breakdown | #10983 |
| earlier studies | #10997 |
| etiology | #10998 |
| doses | #11003 |
| accumbens | #11004 |
| impair | #11006 |
| rats inbred strains | #11023 |
| behavior animal | #11026 |
| radioimmunoassay | #11026 |
| atrophy | #11041 |
| tnfalpha | #11044 |
| atp binding | #11055 |
| tests male | #11061 |
| western | #11061 |
| peroxidation | #11077 |
| riboflavin | #11140 |
| positron emission | #11153 |
| potentiated | #11172 |
| preparations | #11184 |
| precursor | #11188 |
| adult male | #11195 |
| broad spectrum | #11196 |
| superoxides | #11202 |
| nick | #11227 |
| steroids | #11232 |
| animals anti | #11234 |
| acyl | #11314 |
| enzyme activity | #11342 |
| drug induced | #11347 |
| early identification | #11376 |
| neuropathic | #11380 |
| necrotic | #11392 |
| neurodegenerative disease | #11395 |
| centrally | #11415 |
| depletion | #11434 |
| major component | #11447 |
| clinical signs | #11463 |
| 3 weeks | #11495 |
| receptor antagonist | #11502 |
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运行报告 | |
Prominent publications by Roger F Butterworth∗
Region selective alterations of soluble guanylate cyclase content and modulation in brain of cirrhotic patients
[ PUBLICATION ]
Modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by nitric oxide (NO) is altered in brain from experimental animals with hyperammonemia with or without liver failure. The aim of this work was to assess the content and modulation of sGC in brain in chronic liver failure in humans. Expression of the alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta-1 subunits of sGC was measured by immunoblotting in autopsied frontal cortex and cerebellum from cirrhotic patients and controls. The contents of alpha-1 and alpha-2 ...
| 闻名 Guanylate Cyclase | Cirrhotic Patients | Modulation Sgc | Nitric Oxide Brain | Cerebellum Activation |
Hypothermia attenuates oxidative/nitrosative stress, encephalopathy and brain edema in acute (ischemic) liver failure
[ PUBLICATION ]
Encephalopathy and brain edema are serious complications of acute liver failure (ALF). The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible have not been fully elucidated but it has been suggested that oxidative/nitrosative stress is involved. In the present study we evaluated the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF resulting from hepatic devascularization. We also studied the effect of hypothermia, a ...
| 闻名 Brain Edema | Alf Rats | Nitrosative Stress | Liver Failure | Coma Stages |
KOL-Index: 13463
Acute liver failure (ALF) results in alterations of energy metabolites and of glucose-derived amino acid neurotransmitters in brain. However, the dynamics of changes in glucose metabolism remain unclear. The present study was undertaken using (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the rates of incorporation of glucose into amino acids and lactate via cell-specific pathways in relation to the severity of encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF ...
| 闻名 Brain Lactate | Acute Liver | Magnetic Resonance | Coma Stages | Amino Acids |
Effects of hypothermia on brain glucose metabolism in acute liver failure: a 1H/13C-nuclear magnetic resonance study
[ PUBLICATION ]
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mild hypothermia has a protective effect on brain edema and encephalopathy in both experimental and human acute liver failure. The goals of the present study were to examine the effects of mild hypothermia (35 degrees C) on brain metabolic pathways using combined (1)H and (13)C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a technique which allows the study not only of metabolite concentrations but also their de novo synthesis via cell-specific pathways in the ...
| 闻名 Acute Liver | Mild Hypothermia | Brain Glucose Metabolism | Magnetic Resonance | Frontal Cortex |
Neuroactive amino acids and glutamate (NMDA) receptors in frontal cortex of rats with experimental acute liver failure
[ PUBLICATION ]
It has been proposed that alterations of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. To evaluate this possibility, in vivo cerebral microdialysis was used to sample extracellular concentrations of amino acids in the frontal cortex of unanesthetized rats at various times during the progression of encephalopathy resulting from acute liver failure. Liver failure was induced by portacaval anastomosis followed 24 ...
| 闻名 Amino Acids | Frontal Cortex | Acute Liver Failure | Extracellular Concentrations | Hepatic Encephalopathy |
KOL-Index: 12801
Mild hypothermia is effective in the prevention of brain edema associated with cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Brain edema is also a serious complication of acute liver failure (ALF). To assess the effectiveness of hypothermia in ALF, groups of rats were subjected to hepatic devascularization (portacaval anastomosis, followed 48 hours later by hepatic artery ligation), and body temperatures were maintained at either 35 degrees C (hypothermic) or 37 degrees C (normothermic). ...
| 闻名 Mild Hypothermia | Brain Edema | Acute Liver | Rats Alf | Hepatic Encephalopathy |
Ammonia‐induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis
[ PUBLICATION ]
Brain edema, leading to intracranial hypertension and brain herniation, is a major cause of death in fulminant liver failure. Astrocyte swelling is a prominent neuropathological feature in experimental fulminant liver failure. It has been postulated that the osmotic effects of glutamine, generated in astrocytes from ammonia and glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase, could mediate brain swelling. Normal rats and rats that received a portacaval anastomosis were infused ...
| 闻名 Intracranial Hypertension | Brain Edema | Portacaval Anastomosis | Ammonium Acetate | Osmotic Effects |
Effect of Portacaval Anastomosis on Glutamine Synthetase Protein and Gene Expression in Brain, Liver and Skeletal Muscle
[ PUBLICATION ]
The effects of chronic liver insufficiency resulting from end-to-side portacaval anastomosis (PCA) on glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, protein and gene expression were studied in brain, liver and skeletal muscle of male adult rats. Four weeks following PCA, activities of GS in cerebral cortex and cerebellum were reduced by 32% and 37% (p<0.05) respectively whereas GS activities in muscle were increased by 52% (p<0.05). GS activities in liver were decreased by up to 90% (p<0.01), a ...
| 闻名 Skeletal Muscle | Portacaval Anastomosis | Gene Expression | Surgical Rna | Pca Rats |
Cerebral inflammation contributes to encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure: protective effect of minocycline
[ PUBLICATION ]
Encephalopathy and brain edema are serious complications of acute liver failure (ALF). The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible have not been fully elucidated but it has been recently proposed that microglia-derived proinflammatory cytokines are involved. In the present study we evaluated the role of microglial activation and the protective effect of the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF resulting ...
| 闻名 Brain Edema | Liver Failure | Rats Alf | Microglial Activation | Pathogenesis Hepatic Encephalopathy |
KOL-Index: 11822
There is evidence to suggest that, in acute liver failure (ALF), brain ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines may act synergistically to cause brain edema and its complications (intracranial hypertension, brain herniation). However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be established. In order to address this issue, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of genes coding for astrocytic proteins with an established role in cell volume regulation in cerebral ...
| 闻名 Brain Edema | Liver Failure | Proinflammatory Cytokines | Astrocytic Proteins | Cultured Astrocytes |
KOL-Index: 11726
Although earlier studies on thiamine deficiency have reported increases in extracellular glutamate concentration in the thalamus, a vulnerable region of the brain in this disorder, the mechanism by which this occurs has remained unresolved. Treatment with pyrithiamine, a central thiamine antagonist, resulted in a 71 and 55% decrease in protein levels of the astrocyte glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST, respectively, by immunoblotting in the medial thalamus of day 14 symptomatic rats ...
| 闻名 Medial Thalamus | Glutamate Transporter | Glt1 Glast | Spraguedawley Statistics | Protein Levels |
KOL-Index: 11620
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an effective antidote to treat acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF). NAC is hepatoprotective and prevents the neurological complications of ALF, namely hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema. The protective effect of NAC and its mechanisms of action in ALF due to other toxins, however, are still controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NAC in relation to liver pathology, hepatic and cerebral glutathione, plasma ...
| 闻名 Liver Failure | Nac Alf | Induced Acute | Aom Mice | Brain Edema |
Ammonia and related amino acids in the pathogenesis of brain edema in acute ischemic liver failure in rats
[ PUBLICATION ]
The pathogenesis of brain edema in acute liver failure is poorly understood. We have previously shown that rats with ischemic acute liver failure (portacaval anastomosis followed by hepatic artery ligation) exhibit brain edema and intracranial hypertension, with swelling of cortical astrocytes as the most prominent neuropathological abnormality. Because ammonia has been shown to induce swelling of astrocytes in vivo and in vitro, we examined the relationship between brain ammonia, amino ...
| 闻名 Amino Acids | Brain Edema | Portacaval Anastomosis | Liver Failure | Glutamine Alanine |
Ammonia induces MK‐801‐sensitive nitration and phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues in rat astrocytes
[ PUBLICATION ]
Astrocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of ammonia-induced neurotoxicity and hepatic encephalopathy. As shown here, ammonia induces protein tyrosine nitration in cultured rat astrocytes, which is sensitive to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801. A similar pattern of nitrated proteins is produced by NMDA. Ammonia-induced tyrosine nitration depends on a rise in [Ca2+]i, IkB degradation, and NO synthase (iNOS) induction, which are prevented by MK-801 and the ...
| 闻名 Rat Astrocytes | Glutamine Synthetase | Protein Tyrosine | Ammonia Induces | Oxide Nitric |
Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure: Role of glutamine redefined
[ PUBLICATION ]
Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized neuropathologically by cytotoxic brain edema and biochemically by increased brain ammonia and its detoxification product, glutamine. The osmotic actions of increased glutamine synthesis in astrocytes are considered to be causally related to brain edema and its complications (intracranial hypertension, brain herniation) in ALF. However studies using multinuclear (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that neither brain glutamine ...
| 闻名 Brain Edema | Acute Liver Failure | Hepatic Encephalopathy | Intracranial Hypertension | Glutamine Synthesis |
关键人物 Hepatic Encephalopathy
世界顶级科尔斯
Roger F Butterworth∗:专家影响
哪个概念Roger F Butterworth∗具有直接影响:Hepatic encephalopathy, Acute liver failure, Liver failure, Thiamine deficiency, Cirrhotic patients, Brain edema, Portacaval anastomosis, Mild hypothermia.
Roger F Butterworth∗:KOL的影响
与其他作者的工作有关的概念for which Roger F Butterworth∗ 有影响力:Hepatic encephalopathy, Acute liver failure, Thiamine deficiency, Liver cirrhosis, Oxidative stress, Brain edema, Cirrhotic patients.
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