Jakob Nielsen

BACKGROUND: Today's compression hearing aids with noise reduction systems may not manage transient noises effectively because of the short duration of these sounds compared to the onset times of the compressors and/or noise reduction algorithms.

PURPOSE: The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of a transient noise reduction (TNR) algorithm on listening comfort, speech intelligibility in quiet, and preferred wearer gain in the presence of transients.

RESEARCH DESIGN: A ...

During recent years, inborn errors of human IL-17 immunity have been demonstrated to underlie primary immunodeficiencies with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Various defects in receptors responsible for sensing of Candida albicans or downstream signalling to IL-17 may lead to susceptibility to Candida infection. While CMC is common in patients with profound T cell immunodeficiencies, CMC is also recognised as part of other immunodeficiencies in syndromic CMC, or as relatively ...

Background: The management of chronic wounds is a significant medical burden associated with large health care expenditures. Since the establishment of moist wound healing in the 1960s, several types of wound dressings have been developed. However, the evidence for effectiveness when comparing various types of wound dressings is limited. Objectives: The purpose of this review is 1) to provide a general description of the role of foam in wound therapy and 2) to evaluate the evidence for ...

Usability specialists were better than non-specialists at performing heuristic evaluation, and “double experts” with specific expertise in the kind of interface being evaluated performed even better. Major usability problems have a higher probability than minor problems of being found in a heuristic evaluation, but more minor problems are found in absolute numbers. Usability heuristics relating to exits and user errors were more difficult to apply than the rest, and additional measures ...

Hypertext (3), (19), (25) is becoming a popular approach to many computer applications, especially those dealing with the on-line presentation of large amounts of loosely structured information such as on-line documentation or computer-aided learning. There are still many issues concerning hypertext that remain to be resolved, however, many of which are in the user interface area. One of the major usability problems with hypertext is the user's risk of disorientation while navigating the ...

Ratings from single evaluators are very unreliable when usability specialists judge the severity of usability problems found by heuristic evaluation, but the mean severity rating from four evaluators gets within half a rating point of the true severity 95% of the time. Also, the evaluators do agree that usability problems found by heuristic evaluation are all real problems even though each rater had originally only identified a small proportion of the problems.

Usability inspection methods, based on informed intuition s about interface design quality, hold promise of providing faster, more cost-effective ways to generate usability evaluations, compared to empirical user evaluation methods . Examples of inspection methods include heuristic evaluation (Nielsen & Molich, 1990), usability walkthroughs (Bias, 1991 ; Karat & Bennett, 1991a, 1991b), cognitive walk -throughs (Lewis, Polson, Wharton & Reiman, 1990), and applications of guidelines in ...

The 117 manuscripts submitted for the Hypertext '91 conference were assigned to members of the review committee, using a variety of automated methods based on information retrieval principles and Latent Semantic Indexing. Fifteen reviewers provided exhaustive ratings for the submitted abstracts, indicating how well each abstract matched their interests. The automated methods do a fairly good job of assigning relevant papers for review, but they are still somewhat poorer than assignments ...

For 11 studies, we find that the detection of usability problems as a function of number of users tested or heuristic evaluators employed is well modeled as a Poisson process. The model can be used to plan the amount of evaluation required to achieve desired levels of thoroughness or benefits. Results of early tests can provide estimates of the number of problems left to be found and the number of additional evaluations needed to find a given fraction. With quantitative evaluation costs ...

Five groups of developers with experience in the design of character-based user interfaces were taught graphical user interface design through a short workshop with a focus on practical design exercises using low-tech tools derived from the PICTIVE method. Several usability problems were found in the designs by applying the heuristic evaluation method, and feedback on these problems constituted a way to make the otherwise abstract usability principles concrete for the designers at the ...

This paper presents the methods used to design the user interface and overall structure of the internal Web pages for Sun Microsystems. Sun has an extensive set of information available on the WWW with our home page as the access point, but we also wanted to provide employees access to internal information that could not be made available to the Internet at large.Much of the user interface work was done in a few weeks with four usability studies completed in a single week: card sorting ...