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Max Hamilton: Influence Statistics

Self-rating scales are finding an increasing use in psychiatric work. Not only are they widely used in research, but they provide the clinician with a score indicating the patient's psychiatric state at any one time, and these scores if repeated throughout the duration of treatment may be considered to provide a continuing measure of the severity of the illness, as does a temperature chart in a febrile illness. Most scales could be improved by item analysis, and in this study the ...

The results described are based on data from 47 male and 83 female patients randomly assigned to treatment with imipramine or phenelzine in an open trial. All were fresh (untreated) cases diagnosed as suffering from depressive illness (melancholia). They were rated before treatment and 2 and four months later. Imipramine did not give results which were significantly better than phenelzine. With both drugs it was found that patients had done either very well or very poorly at follow-up, ...

SUMMARY

A self-assessment inventory for measuring severity of depressive illness is described, Its chief merits are brevity and simplicity. The correlation with the Hamilton Rating Scale is +0·87. At a cut-off level of 14–15 points 3% of patients and 7·5% of ‘Normals’ are misclassified. The mean scores for male and female patients do not differ significantly and the small positive correlation of score with age is of little practical significance. The limitations in this ...

There is evidence that ECT causes a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier through the rise of blood pressure it induced. Using the Benton test of cognitive function the day before and three hours after ECT treatment in 27 depressed patients, impairment of function was highly correlated with the maximum rise of systolic BP during the treatment.

Since the introduction of chlorpromazine for the treatment of mental illnesses a number of other tranquillizing drugs, belonging to the phenothiazine group, have come into use. Experience has shown that the first of a new kind of drug is not necessarily the best and it is important that “variations on a theme” should be properly tested.

Of all the tranquillizers, it may well be said that benactyzine has had the most chequered history. After its synthesis, a series of most careful experiments on animals demonstrated its ability to reduce or modify behaviour induced by stress. The first clinical trial gave rise to high hopes of its value in treatment but as further trials, more carefully designed, were made the results became increasingly inconclusive.

Single-view 3D is the task of recovering 3D properties such as depth and surface normals from a single image. We hypothesize that a major obstacle to single-image 3D is data. We address this issue by presenting Open Annotations of Single Image Surfaces (OASIS), a dataset for single-image 3D in the wild consisting of annotations of detailed 3D geometry for 140,000 images. We train and evaluate leading models on a variety of single-image 3D tasks. We expect OASIS to be a useful resource ...

The indications for convulsive treatment are such that, when it is properly used, it is one of the most effective treatments in the whole of medicine. Its chief indication is for depressive illness that shows predominantly biological features. It is particularly useful for patients who have not responded to other treatments and for those who are actively suicidal. Research on the prediction of response has yielded very little information beyond that already based on clinical experience. ...

There are two stages in the evaluation of a new treatment: the first is to determine if it has any effect at all, and the second is to determine as strictly as possible, the conditions of its applicability. In practice, these two stages overlap considerably, for they are not completely distinct. As soon as some evidence is available that a treatment is effective, attention tends towards ascertaining the precise indications for its use, the evaluation of its effectiveness, its ...

The tradition of medical practice is based on the assumption that the patients come to the doctor for professional advice and service. Having done so, they have the right to reject the advice or refuse the service, and to go elsewhere. There are a few exceptions to this general rule. Children do not come to doctors, they are brought to them. In that case, the rights pertain to the parents. Persons who are so seriously injured or ill that they cannot exercise their judgement, will be ...

The catalytic hydrogenation of sodium oleate in emulsion form was carried out using the second-generation Ru Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst in a semibatch reactor. A fast and complete hydrogenation of the CC bond was observed after a reaction time of 1 h with 0.4 wt % catalyst at 120 °C and 8.27 MPa hydrogen gas. 1H NMR characterization shows that the carboxylic group CO was preserved without any reduction. The hydrogenated product sodium stearate was thus obtained. Our results show that the ...