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Ingvar T Bjarnason: Influence Statistics

BACKGROUND: Acute and chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can increase intestinal permeability. Rofecoxib, which selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), is a novel anti-inflammatory drug with the potential to produce minimal gastrointestinal toxic effects while retaining clinical efficacy.

AIMS: To assess the potential for rofecoxib to affect the intestine adversely, in comparison with placebo and indomethacin.

SUBJECTS: Thirty nine healthy subjects (aged 24-30 ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Differentiating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from those of organic intestinal disease is a familiar problem for physicians. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios (ORs) of fecal calprotectin, small intestinal permeability, Rome I criteria, and laboratory markers of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], blood count) in distinguishing organic from nonorganic intestinal ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Testing for faecal occult blood has become an accepted technique of non-invasive screening for colorectal neoplasia but lack of sensitivity remains a problem. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of faecal calprotectin and faecal occult blood in patients with colorectal cancer and colonic polyps.

METHODS: Faecal calprotectin and occult blood were assessed in 62 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 233 patients referred for ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The pathogenesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy is controversial, but it is thought that cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition is of pivotal importance. We compared small intestinal function and morphology in untreated wild-type, COX-1- and COX-2-deficient mice and the effect of indomethacin, selective COX-1 (SC-560), and COX-2 (celecoxib) inhibition.

METHODS: Intestinal permeability ((51)CrEDTA), inflammation (fecal granulocyte marker ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Prediction of relapse of inflammatory bowel disease has important implications for therapeutic strategies. We assessed whether measurement of intestinal permeability and inflammation could predict relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

METHODS: Forty-three patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 37 with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission provided a stool sample to be assayed for calprotectin (a neutrophil-specific marker), and patients with CD ...

It has been reported that intestinal permeability to polyethylene glycol 400 is increased in patients with Crohn's disease and their apparently unaffected first degree relatives. Because of the implications that these findings have for the aetiology of Crohn's disease these studies were repeated. Patients with Crohn's disease (n = 28) and 32 first degree relatives from 11 families underwent a polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) intestinal permeability test and a hyperosmotic (1500 mosmol/l) ...

BACKGROUND: The "topical" effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) seems to be an important cause of NSAID induced gastrointestinal damage.

AIM: To examine the possible mechanism of the "topical" phase of damage in the small intestine.

METHODS: Electron microscopy and subcellular organelle marker enzyme studies were done in rat small intestine after oral administration of indomethacin (doses varied between 5 and 30 mg/kg). The effect of conventional and non-acidic NSAIDs ...

In contrast with normal subjects where IgA is the main immunoglobulin in the intestine, patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) produce high concentrations of IgG from intestinal lymphocytes, but the antigens at which these antibodies are directed are unknown. To investigate the specificities of these antibodies mucosal immunoglobulins were isolated from washings taken at endoscopy from 21 control patients with irritable bowel syndrome, 10 control patients with intestinal ...

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that increased intestinal permeability plays a pathogenic role in bacterial infections, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether intestinal permeability is altered in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intestinal permeability was assessed by a (51)Cr-EDTA permeability test in 20 cirrhotic patients (10 with and 10 without ascites) along with 20 ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Assessing the presence and degree of intestinal inflammation objectively, simply, and reliably is a significant problem in gastroenterology. We assessed faecal excretion of calprotectin, a stable neutrophil specific marker, as an index of intestinal inflammation and its potential use as a screening test to discriminate between patients with Crohn's disease and those with irritable bowel syndrome.

METHODS: The validity of faecal calprotectin as a marker of intestinal ...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced enteropathy is difficult, requiring enteroscopy or the use of four day faecal excretion of (111)In labelled white cells.

AIMS: To assess faecal calprotectin (a non-degraded neutrophil cytosolic protein) as a method for diagnosing NSAID enteropathy.

METHODS: Single stool faecal calprotectin concentrations were compared with the four day faecal excretion of (111)In labelled white cells in 47 patients taking ...

BACKGROUND: The frequency with which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase small intestinal permeability and cause inflammation is uncertain.

AIMS: To examine small intestinal permeability and inflammation in a large number of patients on long term NSAIDs.

METHODS: Sixty eight patients receiving six different NSAIDs for over six months underwent combined absorption-permeability tests at three different test dose osmolarities (iso-, hypo-, and hyperosmolar). Two hundred ...

BACKGROUND: The predicted gastrointestinal tolerability of specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors could be due to either a lack of 'topical' irritation and/or lack of effect on cyclooxygenase-1.

METHODS: Key pathophysiologic steps (in vitro and in vivo uncoupling, intestinal prostanoid levels (prostaglandin E, thromboxane B2, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha), intestinal permeability (51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), inflammation (faecal excretion of a granulocyte marker protein), ...

Inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases like ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) are debilitating chronic disorders that poorly respond to pharmacological interventions. Further, drug therapy has adverse effects that add to disease complications. The current thinking is that disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reflect an over exuberant immune activation driven by cytokines including TNF-alpha. Major sources of cytokines include myeloid leukocytes (granulocytes, ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It has been variably suggested that nonselective NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors aggravate or ameliorate clinical disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We assessed the effect of these drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 209) and the possible mechanisms.

METHODS: First, patients with quiescent Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis received the non-NSAID analgesic acetaminophen (n = 26) and the ...