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Jon B Meddings: Influence Statistics

Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier occurs in many intestinal diseases, but neither the mechanisms nor the contribution of barrier dysfunction to disease pathogenesis have been defined. We utilized a murine model of T cell-mediated acute diarrhea to investigate the role of the epithelial barrier in diarrheal disease. We show that epithelial barrier dysfunction is required for the development of diarrhea. This diarrhea is characterized by reversal of net water flux, from ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of sucrose permeability testing to detect ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa of horses.

ANIMALS: 13 adult horses ranging from 5 to 19 years of age.

PROCEDURE: Following induction of gastric ulcers by intermittent feed deprivation, horses underwent sucrose permeability testing (administration of sucrose by nasogastric intubation followed by collection of urine at 2 and 4 hours after intubation) and gastric endoscopy. Squamous ulcers were assigned a ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease thought to be caused by alterations in epithelial function, innate and adaptive immunity, and luminal microbiota. The specific role of epithelial barrier function remains undefined, although increased activity of intestinal epithelial myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which is the primary mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-induced barrier dysfunction, occurs in human IBD. Our aim was to determine whether, in ...

Glucagon Like Peptide 2 (GLP-2) has been proposed as an important regulatory hormone in nutrient absorption. The present study was conducted in human infants with intestinal dysfunction undergoing surgery, correlating postprandial GLP-2 levels with intestinal length, nutrient absorption, and patient outcome. We hypothesized that GLP-2 levels would be inversely related to nutrient absorption; we further hypothesized that post prandial GLP-2 levels would be predictive of the ability to ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transfer of T helper cells from DBA/2 mice to irradiated allogeneic B6D2F1 mice leads to development of colonic graft-versus-host disease with pathological features of inflammatory bowel disease. To examine the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in graft-versus-host disease enteropathy, an adenoviral vector encoding a TNF inhibitor protein was administered.

METHODS: Irradiated B6D2F1 mice were infused with DBA/2 bone marrow and spleen cells. Mice then received either ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Increased intestinal permeability is observed in Crohn's disease and a subset of first-degree relatives. An alteration in isoform expression of the common leukocyte antigen (CD45) is also found in a significant fraction of patients. Because this alteration may be a measure of antigen exposure, the hypothesis of the study was that this alteration would be observed in both patients and relatives of patients with Crohn's disease and that this would correlate with increased ...

BACKGROUND: Alterations in intestinal permeability have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease (CD). We have reported that granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is required for mucosal barrier function in mice, and elevated neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies (Ab) are associated with stricturing ileal disease and surgery in patients with CD. We hypothesized that children with CD with elevated GM-CSF Ab would exhibit increased intestinal ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with Crohn's disease have increased intestinal permeability, which may precede the development of clinical disease and be involved in disease pathogenesis. Subsequent studies have suggested that, as a group, first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease do not have significantly increased small intestinal permeability rates. The present study proposes that conventional data analysis, used in these studies, may be inappropriate and has overlooked an ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Abnormal presentation of luminal constituents to the mucosal immune system, caused by dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, is a candidate theory for the cause of Crohn's disease. Increased epithelial permeability is found in subgroups of patients at high risk for the development of Crohn's disease and has been found to precede disease recurrence. Clinical observations have suggested that disease recurrence can follow times of increased psychological ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this exploratory trial was to establish if the probiotic Bifidobacterium natren life start (NLS) strain strain may affect the clinical course and pathophysiological features of patients with untreated celiac disease (CD). Positive findings would be helpful in directing future studies.

METHODS: Twenty-two adult patients having 2 positives CD-specific tests were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive 2 capsules before meals for 3 weeks of either ...

Disaccharides do not cross intact gastrointestinal mucosa to any appreciable extent unless there is damage to the epithelium. Furthermore, since sucrose is rapidly broken down in the small intestine, the absorption of intact sucrose implies damage to proximal epithelium. We have reported that measurement of sucrose permeability detects gastric damage in animals. Whilst such a non-specific test could not replace endoscopy, it might represent a clinically useful technique to identify ...

OBJECTIVES: Confocal endomicroscopy can be used to image intestinal mucosa. Epithelial gaps resulting from shedding of epithelial cells have been reported in patients. We hypothesize that the rate of epithelial cell shedding increases in patients with Crohn's disease, leading to more epithelial gaps and barrier dysfunction. In this study, we used probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy to quantify epithelial cells and gaps in patients with Crohn's disease compared with controls. We ...

BACKGROUND: Inert carbohydrate probes are commonly used to assess intestinal permeability; we have previously shown that the actively transported moiety 3-0 methylglucose (3-0 MG) is a useful marker of intestinal surface area and nutrient absorption in animal models of short bowel syndrome (SBS). This study examines the correlation of 3-0 MG absorption with nutrient absorption, bowel length, and the tolerance of enteral feeds in pediatric patients.

METHODS: Fifteen children (1 month to ...

OBJECTIVES: First-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease are at high risk for developing the disease themselves. Detection of serum antibodies and intestinal permeability tests have been useful to identify candidates for intestinal biopsies. Recently it was demonstrated that abnormal sucrose permeability is a very sensitive marker of active disease. Our objectives in this prospective study were (1) to assess the screening value of permeability tests, and (2) to compare the ...