Camilleri Camilleri

BACKGROUND: Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, is approved for treatment of obesity; however, the mechanisms of action of liraglutide are incompletely understood. We compared effects of liraglutide versus placebo on gastric motor functions, satiation, satiety, and weight in obese individuals over 16 weeks.

METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial at a single centre (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA). Participants were randomly allocated ...

BACKGROUND: A subset of patients with constipation has reduced colonic bile acid concentrations, which are associated with slow colonic transit. In a previous study, elobixibat, a locally acting ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, accelerated colonic transit in Japanese patients with functional constipation. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of elobixibat for short-term treatment of chronic constipation, and safety, patient satisfaction, and quality of life with ...

BACKGROUND: In this 12-week trial, we aimed to determine the efficacy of prucalopride, a selective, high-affinity 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonist, in patients with severe chronic constipation.

METHODS: In our multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, patients with severe chronic constipation (< or =2 spontaneous, complete bowel movements per week) received placebo or 2 or 4 mg of prucalopride, once daily, for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy end ...

IMPORTANCE: Five medications have been approved for the management of obesity, but data on comparative effectiveness are limited.

OBJECTIVE: To compare weight loss and adverse events among drug treatments for obesity using a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central from inception to March 23, 2016; clinical trial registries.

STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials conducted among overweight and obese ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is an unclear relationship among bowel symptoms, excretion of unconjugated fecal bile acid (UBA), and colonic transit in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We measured total and main individual UBA in fecal samples of patients with IBS and assessed relationships among stool frequency or consistency, fecal UBA (total and individual), and colonic transit.

METHODS: In this study 30 healthy volunteers (controls), 31 subjects with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), and 30 with ...

BACKGROUND: Although novel therapies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) continue to be developed, many doctors rely on more established, traditional therapies as first-line or second-line treatment options. These therapies include soluble fibre (eg, ispaghula husk), antispasmodic drugs, peppermint oil, and gut-brain neuromodulators (including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or α-2-δ calcium channel subunit ligands). However, the relative efficacy of ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) requires repeated endoscopic collection of mucosal samples to assess disease activity and response to therapy. An easier and less expensive means of monitoring of EoE is required. We compared the accuracy, safety, and tolerability of sample collection via Cytosponge (an ingestible gelatin capsule comprising compressed mesh attached to a string) with those of endoscopy for assessment of EoE.

METHODS: Esophageal tissues were ...

BACKGROUND: Microscopic colitis is diagnosed on the basis of histologic criteria, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is diagnosed by symptom-based criteria. There has been little investigation into the symptomatic overlap between these conditions. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a population-based cohort of patients with microscopic colitis.

METHODS: The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), a medical records linkage system providing all ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastroparesis is a complication of diabetes with few treatment options. Relamorelin (also referred to as RM-131) is a selective, prokinetic agonist of ghrelin. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of relamorelin on symptoms and gastric emptying (GE) in a 12-week, phase 2B study of diabetic patients with moderate to severe gastroparesis symptoms (DG).

METHODS: We performed a study of 393 patients with DG (37.7% male; 9.9% with type 1 diabetes; median age, 58.2 years [range ...

BACKGROUND: About one-third of patients with IBS-diarrhoea (irritable bowel syndrome-D) have evidence of increased bile acid synthesis or excretion.

AIMS: To assess effects of the bile acid sequestrant, colesevelam, on faecal excretion of BAs, hepatic BA synthesis and diarrhoea in IBS-D; to appraise whether individual or random stool samples accurately reflect 48-h total faecal bile acid excretion and proportions of the main bile acids excreted and to study the faecal fat excretion in ...

background & aims: Opiate bowel dysfunction is a significant clinical problem. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of a peripheral mu-opioid antagonist, alvimopan, to reverse the effect of codeine on gastric, small-bowel, and colonic transit time in healthy volunteers.

METHODS: Seventy-four healthy participants (43 women) were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to 1 of 4 groups: alvimopan 12 mg twice daily in the presence and absence of codeine sulfate 30 mg 4 ...

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that there is a relation between antral phasic pressure activity and the emptying of solids and liquids from the intact human stomach after a mixed meal. This hypothesis was evaluated in 14 healthy individuals in whom we performed simultaneous antral manometry and radioscintigraphy after ingestion of a meal labeled with [99mTc]sulfur colloid in cooked egg (solid component) and [111In]DTPA (liquid component). Analysis of the data included an in-depth ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Peptide YY (PYY) levels are reported to be decreased in obesity. The relation between gastric functions, satiation, and gut hormones in obesity is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to compare gastric volumes, emptying, maximum tolerated volumes, postchallenge symptoms, and selected gut hormones in normal, overweight, or obese healthy volunteers.

METHODS: In 73 nonbulimic normal, overweight, or obese participants weighing less than 137 kg, we measured ...

OBJECTIVE: Over half of patients with IBS have either diarrhoea (IBS-D) or a mixed stool pattern (IBS-M). The relative efficacy of licenced pharmacological therapies is unclear in the absence of head-to-head trials. We conducted a network meta-analysis to resolve this uncertainty.

DESIGN: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Embase Classic, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov through January 2019 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the ...

BACKGROUND: Impaired gastric accommodation may lead to dyspeptic symptoms. A non-invasive method using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been developed to measure gastric volumes.

AIMS AND METHODS: Our aims were: to assess the accuracy of SPECT with three dimensional image analysis to measure balloon volumes in vitro; to compare gastric barostat balloon volumes measured post-meal and post-distension with total gastric volumes measured simultaneously with SPECT; to ...