Fructose presents a highly attractive substrate for future biorefineries for production of biofuels as well as bulk and fine chemicals.

Fructose presents a highly attractive substrate for future biorefineries for production of biofuels as well as bulk and fine chemicals. Starting from cellulose, fructose is available

via

hydrolysis to glucose followed by isomerization. Despite commercial production of high-fructose corn syrup, ...

More restrictive standards of Euro VI concerning nitrogen oxide (NOx=NO, NO2) emissions necessitate an enhanced urea injection, while generating a higher ammonia slip, which is also precisely limited. For this reason, ammonia slip catalysts (ASC) are an essential part of efficient aftertreatment systems. Currently, supported noble metal catalysts are applied but possess limited selectivity to nitrogen. Copper based catalysts present a promising alternative for the selective catalytic ...

Cellulose is a renewable and widely available feedstock. It is a biopolymer that is typically found in wood, straw, grass, municipal solid waste, and crop residues. Its use as raw material for biofuel production opens up the possibility of sustainable biorefinery schemes that do not compete with food supply. Tapping into this feedstock for the production of biofuels and chemicals requires--as the first-step--its depolymerization or its hydrolysis into intermediates that are more ...

Reverse w/o microemulsions composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA) forming the oil phase, nonionic surfactants, and water are used for the synthesis of transparent SiO2/PMMA nanocomposites. An inorganic precursor, tetraethoxysilane (Si(OEt)(4), TEOS), is hydrolyzed in the reverse micelles containing aqueous ammonia. During the hydrolysis of TEOS, polymerization of the continuous MMA phase is initiated using AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile), and after thermal polymerization at 333 K for 12 h, ...

The selective aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran has been performed under mild conditions at 80 °C and 20 bar of synthetic air in methyl t-butyl ether. Ru clusters supported on covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) allowed excellent selectivity and superior catalytic activity compared to other support materials such as activated carbon, γ-Al2 O3 , hydrotalcite, or MgO. CTFs with varying pore size, specific surface area, and N content could be prepared ...

The development of more efficient zeolite catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR) requires insights into both reaction mechanism and real-time state of the catalyst (e.g., the storage level of NH3). Here, we show that impedance spectroscopy (IS) can be applied to sense electrically the uptake of NH3 into proton-conducting, copper-promoted zeolite catalysts, i.e., into Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-SAPO-34. Comparative investigations indicate that Cu-SAPO-34, as compared to ...

Cs

2

[Cr

3

O(OOCC

2

H

5

)

6

(H

2

O)

3

]

2

[α-SiW

12

O

40

], a ...

Rigorous regulations of nitrogen oxide emissions require the development of technologies for their removal from exhaust gases.

Rigorous regulations of nitrogen oxide emissions require the development of technologies for their removal from exhaust gases. Implementation of appropriate catalysts can potentially promote NO

x

(NO, NO

2

) or N

2

O removal ...

Global warming due to the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 has received great attention in recent years. Hence, it is urgent to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and develop sustainable technologies for a circular carbon economy. In this regard, CO2 capture coupled with the conversion into chemicals and fuels provides a promising solution to reduce CO2 emissions as well as to store and utilize renewable energy. Among the many possible CO2 conversion pathways, CO2 hydrogenation to ...

γ-Valerolactone is considered as a promising platform chemical from lignocellulosic biomass. This study focusses on the kinetics of the production of γ-valerolactone from three different esters of levulinic acid using Ru supported on activated carbon as hydrogenation catalyst. Methyl, ethyl, and n-butyl levulinates are used as substrates. The transformation of these alkyl levulinates proceeds through a hydrogenation of the substrate to the intermediate γ-hydroxy valeriate followed by ...

2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) is an attractive biofuel being stable, insoluble in water and an alternative to gasoline. DMF is accessible via hydrodeoxygenation of the cellulosic bio-based platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Efficient transformations of HMF to DMF have been reported to date; however, the kinetics of the reaction and a comprehensive analysis of the reaction network have not been addressed yet. In the present work, a plausible reaction network based on kinetic ...

α-Angelica lactone was identified as a better candidate than levulinic acid for the heterogeneously catalysed preparation of levulinic acid esters.

Butyl levulinate was prepared starting from α-angelica lactone and butanol over Amberlyst® 36. Different reaction conditions were optimized, which resulted in full conversion and 94% selectivity toward the ester at 75 °C. A reaction network analysis reveals

pseudo

-butyl levulinate ...

Advantages of hydrotalcite-like precursors and the synergistic effect of bimetallic Ni–Fe alloys are combined and the most appropriate amount of Fe identified with respect to activity, selectivity and stability.

It is essential for mankind to address greenhouse gas emission, depletion of fossil resources and development of efficient storage and transportation of renewable energy. By using the atmospheric gas CO

2

as raw ...

In view of the diminishing oil resources and the ongoing climate change, the use of efficient and environmentally benign technologies for the utilization of renewable resources has become indispensible. Therein, hydrogenolysis reactions offer a promising possibility for future biorefinery concepts. These reactions result in the cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds by hydrogen and allow direct access to valuable platform chemicals already integrated in today's value chains. Thus, hydrogenolysis ...

The selective oxidation of ammonia into nitrogen and water vapour (NH3-SCO) was studied over Cu-Mg(Zn)-Al-(Zr) mixed metal oxides, obtained by coprecipitation and their subsequent calcination. The effect of acid-base properties of Cu-Mg-Al-Ox on catalytic activity was investigated by changing the Mg/Al molar ratio. Other Cu-containing oxides were prepared by rehydration of calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compounds or thermal decomposition of metal nitrate precursors. XRD, BET, NH3-TPD, ...