This chapter discusses a study to investigate the structural background of the early functional nerve changes in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. In the study, ten male wistar rats weighing between 330 and 380 gm were injected intravenously with streptozotocin and sacrificed after a diabetes duration of four weeks at the age of 23–24 weeks. Ten age- and weight-matched animals were used as controls. The hind limbs were fixed by vascular perfusion and a specimen of the common peroneal ...