William B Gill

Intravesical instillation of methylene blue resulted in selective surface staining of bladder tumors in vivo without staining the background of normal urothelium. Staining of human bladder tumors in vivo was accomplished by the intravesical instillation of 0.1% methylene blue in 0.9% saline through a foley catheter under 20 cm of hydrostatic pressure up to a maximum volume of 400 ml. After 5 minutes contact time, the methylene blue solution was drained, and the bladder was washed with ...

Epididymal cysts and/or hypoplastic testes have been found in 31.5 per cent of 308 men exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, compared to 7.8 per cent of 307 placebo-exposed controls. Analyses of the spermatozoa have revealed severe pathological changes (Eliasson score greater than 10) in 134 diethylstilbestrol-exposed men (18 per cent) and 87 placebo-exposed men (8 per cent). Further investigation of the 26 diethylstilbestrol-exposed men with testicular hypoplasia has revealed that 65 ...

Heparin was found to prevent calcium oxalate crystal adhesion to chemically injured rat bladder urothelium. Heparin was the only polysaccharide tested which restored injured urothelium to the functional status of normal, uninjured urothelium with respect to anticrystal adhesion properties. Other sulfated glycosaminoglycans, sulfated polysaccharides and monosaccharides were without restorative or protective effects. 3H-heparin was found to bind to injured urothelium but not to normal urothelium.

Using a cystoscopic light source and methylene blue as the sensitizing dye, photoactivation was examined in two types of experiments. In the first, the in vitro study destruction of two enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase) was examined in suspensions of whole and homogenized tumor cells from a transplantable bladder tumor. In the second or in vivo study rats were used to demonstrate that tumor cell suspensions treated with methylene blue plus light, when ...

Supervoltage external radiotherapy has been sandwiched around radical retropubic prostatectomy as a potentially curative procedure for Stage C or D1 adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Preoperatively, 3,000 rads were delivered to the pelvis and prostate by approximately 18 by 20 cm. AP-PA opposing ports over a three-week period. After three weeks' rest, radical retropubic prostatectomy was done. After three weeks' postoperative recovery, additional radiotherapy was delivered as follows: ...

Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) given to rats intraperitoneally produced a severe cystitis within four hours with marked inflammatory edema and hemorrhagic ulcerations of the mucosa. An in vivo staining test with methylene blue showed deep staining of the urothelium as has been demonstrated with other types of urothelial injuries; uninjured urothelium does not stain. The cytoxan cystitis is probably not due to cytoxan itself, but to a breakdown product acrolein, an aldehyde appearing in the ...

Microscopic chromocystoscopy is a new in vivo procedure that we have developed to aid in the detection and treatment of bladder tumors. Intravesical ionic dye chromocystoscopy was introduced by our group to permit cystoscopic viewing with ordinary light of selectively stained malignant urothelial surfaces by the cationic dye, methylene blue. With the recent availability of the Hamou hysteroscope, a microscopic endoscope, we have combined intravesical ionic dye chromocystoscopy with ...

In resonse to the limitations of urinary cytology which have resulted in a high incidence of false negative reports, a technique of retrograde brush biopsy has been developed. This technique aids in the diagnosis of carcinomas of the ureteral and renal collecting systems, thereby permitting earlier and more intensive treatment of malignant lesions of the urinary tract.

A modified open renal biopsy technique was performed under local anesthesia on 129 patients over a 10-year period. This technique yielded sufficient tissue to establish a diagnosis for every patient. The mean number of glomeruli obtained was 54 +/- 3; the mean duration of the operation was 71 +/- 2 min. No deaths resulted and only one major complication developed following this procedure which required additional surgery. Two patients required blood transfusions following surgery and ...

Understandings of the molecular mechanisms of urolithiasis and rationale antistone therapy have undergone significant advances with the application of biophysical theories and techniques to urine, uroliths, and the urinary tract. In addition, the development and combinations of radiologic and surgical techniques have dramatically improved the treatment of existing stones in both the upper and lower urinary tracts. This review is designed to cover the biophysical advances in diagnosis and ...