Pamela Dee Hill

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feeding patterns of low-birth-weight infants (1,500-2,500 g) on the day of hospital discharge and 4 weeks after birth.

DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive survey.

SETTING: Eight hospitals in the Midwest.

PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ten mothers who intended to breastfeed their low-birth-weight infants.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two different tools were used to address infant breastfeeding patterns and effectiveness of infant feeding at the breast as reported and rated by ...

This study reports the temporal pattern of milk output in 2 groups of lactating mothers during the first 6 weeks postpartum. A study aim was to examine if the average milk output for postpartum days 6 and 7 (baseline) predicts milk adequacy at week 6 postpartum. Mothers of preterm (< or = 31 weeks) infants (n = 95) used mechanical expression to initiate and maintain their milk supply; mothers of a singleton healthy term infant (n = 98) fed their infant at the breast. Baseline milk output ...

The present study was designed to compare milk production and hormone responses (prolactin [PRL], oxytocin [OT]) and to determine associations of hormone levels with milk production in mothers of preterm (PT) and term (TM) infants during the first 6 weeks postpartum. Mothers of PT infants (n = 95) were all pump dependent; mothers of TM infants (n = 98) were all feeding their infant at breast. Mothers of nonnursing PT infants produced less milk over time compared to mothers of TM infants. ...

Lactating mothers of preterm infants who are pump-dependent are at high risk for difficulty maintaining an adequate milk supply. This article reports the naturally occurring volume of milk removed from the breast by mechanical expression over time for 81 mothers of nonnursing preterm infants from 4 tertiary care centers in the Midwest. Baseline variables (infant gestation in weeks; intended length in weeks to breastfeed; number of hours post-delivery to first breast stimulation; infant ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on nipple pain and to delineate effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of nipple pain in breastfeeding mothers.

DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches on MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library.

STUDY SELECTION: Articles from indexed journals relevant to the objective were reviewed from January 1983 to April 2004. Preference was given to research-based studies in English.

DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and organized ...

The feeding behavior and problems of mothers of low birthweight (LBW) infants following hospital discharge have not been well documented. The purpose of this paper is to report the feeding patterns of LBW infants and their mothers' reasons for a decline in breastfeeding. A convenience sample of 110 mothers and infants from eight midwestern hospitals was surveyed. Eight weeks after delivery, 28 percent of the mothers were providing mother's milk exclusively, 29 percent were providing a ...

Milk production was examined in 39 lactating mothers of non-nursing preterm infants from 2 tertiary care centers. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare milk production of those using sequential single (SEQ) or simultaneous double (SIM) breast-pumping regimen, and (2) to examine the relationship of selected variables to inadequate (< 3500 g/week) and adequate (> or = 3500 g/week) milk production. In multivariate analysis, mothers using SIM produced a similar amount of milk by ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine preterm, near-term, and term mothers' self-reported quality of life in the early postpartum period.

DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal repeated measures design.

SETTING: Four medical centers in the Midwest.

PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 184 mothers of either a preterm, near-term, or term infant.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life tool.

RESULTS: Mothers of preterm infants scored significantly lower on the subscale ...

This study examined potential primary mediators, such as intended length to breastfeed, maternal education, income, and infant gestation, and secondary mediators, such as early frequency of breast stimulation, early milk output, and supplementation with artificial milks that may influence milk output in mothers of preterm and term infants the first 6 weeks postpartum. Analysis suggested that for mothers of a preterm infant (n = 95), the primary mediators, income and infant gestation, and ...

This article combines data from two separate investigations. One study examined relationships between psychosocial factors and preterm milk immune variables. The other examined relationships between psychosocial and breastfeeding satisfaction factors and perceived milk sufficiency in term mothers. Milk samples were collected on the fifth postpartum day and frozen. Both studies collected data on anxiety, but other psychosocial variables differed. Mood states and social support were ...

The Infant Breast-feeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT) was used to assess the time of effective breast feeding in 48 healthy term infants born to mothers having their first or second baby. Infants of mothers who received an analgesia (butorphanol or nalbuphine) in labor (n = 26) were compared with infants whose mothers did not receive any labor analgesia (n = 22). Timing of the administration of labor analgesia was also examined with infants whose mothers received no analgesia or analgesia ...

Mothers who must express milk for a prolonged period frequently report that milk volumes decrease. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of having a sample of lactating mothers of preterm infants follow a specific breast pumping protocol, express milk mechanically for six weeks, and have a subsample consent to venipuncture. This pilot study compared the effects of pumping breasts sequentially or simultaneously on milk volume and prolactin levels in mothers of ...

Many women cease breast-feeding during the first eight weeks after childbirth. Few studies have assessed the relationship of social status to the duration of breast-feeding. This research identified variables that predicted breast-feeding duration for the first eight weeks postpartum among mothers enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program and those not enrolled. Participation in the WIC program was used as a criterion for measuring socioeconomic status. A total of 400 ...