HIROAKI AKAI

Recent evidence suggests possible linkage between diabetes mellitus and mitochondrial gene mutation. We surveyed mitochondrial tRNALEU(UUR) (3243) mutation in 7 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode (MELAS) families and identified 24 mutated subjects (7 MELAS probands and 17 non-MELAS relatives) as well as 11 non-mutant family members. An OGTT in the 24 mutant relatives revealed 14 diabetic subjects, 3 with impaired glucose tolerance and 7 with normal ...

Summary The characteristic clinical features of diabetes mellitus with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3243(A-G) mutation are progressive insulin secretory defect, neurosensory deafness and maternal inheritance, referred to as maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and deafness (MIDD). A treatment for MIDD to improve insulin secretory defects and reduce deafness has not been established. The effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment on insulin secretory response, hearing capacity and clinical ...

Increased oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Oxidative stress is known to increase the conversion of deoxyguanosine (dG) to 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA, which is linked to increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. We investigated mtDNA deletions and 8-OHdG in the muscle DNA of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. mtDNA deletion of 4977 bp (delta mtDNA4977) and the content of 8-OHdG ...

The open trial was designed to evaluate the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with the calcium-channel blocker, manidipine and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, delapril on insulin sensitivity in Japanese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with essential hypertension. We measured the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and the glucose-effectiveness (SG) by the use of Bergman's minimal model method in 18 hypertensive NIDDM patients before ...

Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), gastric emptying, small bowel transit time and plasma motilin levels were measured in diabetics and normal subjects in order to investigate the disturbances of the alimentary tract motility and the participation of motilin in these motility disorders. Hypermotilinemia was observed in all diabetics with or without autonomic neuropathy. Low response of LESP to tetragastrin found in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy could not be explained by ...

A 61-year-old woman with hyper-catecholaminemia and hyper-glucocorticoidemia due to a mixed tumor of the right adrenal gland is described. The patient, who had been medicated for hypertension since 1977, complained of thirst and general malaise in 1986. Body weight loss was remarkable. There was neither absolute truncal obesity nor moon face. In September 1986, her blood pressure was 180/110 mmHg and blood glucose level was 400mg/dl. Noradrenaline levels in plasma and in urine were ...

Abstract

The locus of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP; also known as group-specific component protein or Gc) gene, chromosome 4q12, has been reported to be associated with glucose metabolism in several ethnic groups, including Pima Indians. We have recently reported the association of the DBP genotype with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variations of DBP have any influence on glucose metabolism without ...

Mitochondrial dysfunctions of the muscle in diabetic amyotrophy and of the liver in diabetic fatty liver have been reported. We investigated mitochondrial gene mutations in three cases: (1) a patient with diabetic amyotrophy in the muscles of the lower extremities, and neuropathy; (2) 5 diabetics with myoatrophy, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic renal failure; and (3) an IDDM patient with a diabetic fatty liver. We identified a 5778-bp deletion (8214–13991) in mitochondrial DNA from the ...