William C Warner

BACKGROUND: Fractures in children are an important public health issue and a frequent cause of emergency room visits. The purpose of this descriptive epidemiological study was to identify the most frequent pediatric fractures per 1000 population at risk in the United States using the 2010 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database and 2010 US Census information.

METHODS: The NEISS database was queried for all fractures in 2010 in children between the ages of 0 and 19 ...

BACKGROUND: Systematic review of the literature was done to determine (1) the frequency and type of associated injuries, (2) frequency of concomitant Osgood-Schlatter disease, (3) methods of treatment, (4) functional and radiologic outcomes according to fracture type, and (5) complications of tibial tubercle fractures in pediatric patients.

METHODS: A systematic review of the English literature from 1970 to 2013 included 23 eligible articles reporting 336 fractures with a mean follow-up ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the costs of two spinal implants-hook and hybrid constructs and pedicle screw constructs-in posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) as they relate to intraoperative deformity correction.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: This retrospective study examined 50 patients with AIS who were treated with posterior spinal fusion using segmental hook-hybrid constructs (23) or pedicle screws (27). Radiographic parameters measured on immediate preoperative and ...

BACKGROUND: With increases in use and power of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), there have been dramatic increases in both the number and severity of ATV-related injuries. The KIDS database showed a 240% increase in the number of children admitted to a hospital for an ATV-related injury between 1997 and 2006. Over the same time period, there was a 476% increase in the number of children with ATV-related spine injuries. To better understand the nature of these injuries, a series of pediatric ...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric orthopaedic fellowship applicants commonly use online-based resources for information on potential programs. Two primary sources are the San Francisco Match (SF Match) database and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) database. We sought to determine the accessibility and quality of information that could be obtained by using these 2 sources.

METHODS: The online databases of the SF Match and POSNA were reviewed to determine the availability of ...

BACKGROUND: : Distal femoral epiphyseal fractures are uncommon but have a high incidence rate of complications. It is not clear whether there are any reliable predictor factors and whether the type of fracture, displacement (degree and direction), and treatment method alter the outcome.

METHODS: : We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and images of all patients who sustained a distal femoral epiphyseal fracture and were treated at 2 large level I pediatric centers during the ...

BACKGROUND: The evaluation and treatment of patients with early-onset scoliosis requires multiple imaging studies and involves potential exposure to high cumulative lifetime doses of ionizing radiation. The Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR) used in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis requires numerous lengthening procedures and frequent radiographic follow-up. The purpose of this study was to quantify the ionizing radiation exposure in pediatric patients undergoing ...

BACKGROUND: Although arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC) is a rare condition, rapidly progressive scoliosis is common in children with AMC. Only a limited number of studies characterize the nature of these curves, and even fewer describe surgical outcomes. To determine efficacy or rib-based distraction in these patients, we reviewed the outcomes of the use of the Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR) device in what we believe is the first study to report ...

BACKGROUND: Over half of children and adolescents with spinal trauma have associated injuries, most commonly involving the appendicular skeleton, head and neck, and thorax. The incidence and characteristics of these associated injuries have been well described, but to our knowledge there has been no evaluation of the relationship between the injury characteristics and the patient age.

METHODS: Data were obtained from the trauma registries of the local pediatric and adult level 1 trauma ...

OBJECT: Many methods to stabilize and fuse the craniocervical junction have been described. One of the early designs was a contoured (Luque) rod fixated with wires, the so-called Hartshill-Ransford loop. In this study, the authors report their 20-year experience with this surgical technique in children.

METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of patients 18 years of age or younger who underwent dorsal occipitocervical fusion procedures between March 1992 and March 2012 at Le ...

BACKGROUND: Although the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) has been shown to be useful in treating congenital scoliosis (CS) with fused ribs, no studies to date have specifically evaluated the efficacy of VEPTR in the treatment of CS without fused ribs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of VEPTR in sagittal/coronal curve correction and spine growth and compare its complication rate to the use of VEPTR in other conditions and to other treatment ...

BACKGROUND: Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease) is most often diagnosed clinically, and radiographic evaluation is believed to be unnecessary by many physicians. To evaluate the need for radiographic evaluation in children with a clinical diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis, we determined the frequency of abnormal radiographic findings in a group of patients with this clinical diagnosis.

METHODS: Clinical records and radiographs of all children between the age of 4 and 17 years who ...

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on pediatric subaxial cervical spine injuries. The goal of this study was to characterize the injuries and initial treatment of a large consecutive series of patients with injuries from C3 to C7.

METHODS: Medical records and radiographs of consecutive patients admitted with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations at a single level 1 pediatric trauma center from 2003 to 2013 were reviewed. Data abstracted included age, injury type and level, mechanism ...

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if certain risk factors (age, curve magnitude, skeletal maturity, gender, and curve pattern) traditionally associated with curve progression and surgical intervention in the general population apply equally to African Americans.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Currently, information is limited on the role that a patient's race plays in the risk of curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and ...