William C Shaw

BACKGROUND: Specific oral bacteria, generically known as "dental plaque" are the primary cause of gingivitis (gum disease) and caries. The removal of dental plaque is thought to play a key role in the maintenance of oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this.

OBJECTIVES: To compare manual and powered toothbrushes in relation to the removal of plaque, the health of the gingivae, staining and calculus, ...

BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and cleft palate are common birth defects, affecting about one baby of every 700 born. Feeding these babies is an immediate concern and there is evidence of delay in growth of children with a cleft as compared to those without clefting. In an effort to combat reduced weight for height, a variety of advice and devices are recommended to aid feeding of babies with clefts.

OBJECTIVES: This review aims to assess the effects of these feeding interventions in babies with ...

INTRODUCTION: Cleft palate is among the most common birth abnormalities. The success of primary surgery in the early months of life is crucial for successful feeding, speech, hearing, dental development and facial growth. Over recent decades, age at palatal surgery in infancy has reduced. This has led to palatal closure in one-stage procedures being carried out around the age of 12 months, but in some cases as early as 6 months. The primary objective of the Timing Of Primary Surgery for ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Good dentofacial growth is a major goal in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The aim was to evaluate dental arch relationships at age 5 years after four different protocols of primary surgery for UCLP.

DESIGN: Three parallel randomised clinical trials were undertaken as an international multi-centre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the UK.

METHODS: Three different surgical procedures for primary ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare manual and powered toothbrushes in everyday use, principally in relation to plaque removal and gingival health. Stain, calculus removal, dependability, adverse effects and cost were also considered.

METHOD: A systematic review was undertaken in collaboration with the Cochrane Oral Health Group. Five electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials comparing powered and manual toothbrushes. Trials of less than 28 days duration, or where ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of using photographs of study casts as an alternative to casts for rating dental arch relationships.

DESIGN: Repeated-measures study.

SETTING: Cleft Palate Center of the University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

PATIENTS: Records of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (n = 49) at the age of 9 years were included.

MEAN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Statistics of intra- and interexaminer agreement.

RESULTS: No ...

Yardsticks have been developed to measure dental arch relations in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients as diagnostic proxies for the underlying skeletal relationship. Travelling with plaster casts to compare results between CLP centres is inefficient so the aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of using digital models or photographs of dental casts instead of plaster casts for rating dental arch relationships in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the nasolabial aesthetics for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 5 and 12 years.

DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

SETTING: Four cleft centers in North America.

SUBJECTS: A total of 124 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were treated at the four centers.

METHODS: After ethics approval was obtained, 124 preorthodontic frontal and profile patient images were scanned, ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare maxillomandibular relationships for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate using the Goslon Yardstick for dental models.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: Five cleft palate centers in North America.

SUBJECTS: A total of 169 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the five centers.

METHODS: Ethics approval was obtained. A total of 169 dental models of patients between ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare craniofacial morphology for individuals with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 6 and 12 years.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: Four North American cleft palate centers.

SUBJECTS: A total of 148 subjects with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were consecutively treated at the four centers.

METHODS: The 148 preorthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs were scanned, scaled, digitized, and ...

BACKGROUND AND TRIAL DESIGN: The Scandcleft intercentre study evaluates the outcomes of four surgical protocols for treatment of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Originally 10 cleft centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK participated in a set of three randomized trials of primary surgery. Three groups of centres (Trials 1, 2, and 3) tested their traditional local surgical protocols (Arms B, C, and D) against a common protocol (Arm A).

OBJECTIVES: To ...

The site prevalence and intra-oral density of Candidal organisms may be increased by local factors including prostheses. However, whether significant changes in Candidal carriage occurs with denture wearing is not clearly established. This study employed the imprint culture technique to assess the effects of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances on oral carriage, site prevalence and intra-oral density of Candida in adolescents. Moreover, alterations in plaque distribution were ...

A popular method for nasolabial rating in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is the Asher-McDade system consisting of a 5-point ordinal scale assessing nasal form, nasal symmetry, nasal profile, and vermilion border. The aim of the current study was to identify reference photographs illustrating this scale to facilitate its use.Four observers assessed nasolabial appearance on frontal and profile photographs of the nasolabial area of 42 children of Caucasian origin with a repaired ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe facial development and appearance, quality of bone grafts, oral health, and patient/parent satisfaction, with clinical outcome, for children in two age cohorts born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) throughout the United Kingdom.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional outcome study.

SETTING: Fifty National Health Service cleft centers.

PARTICIPANTS: Children born with complete UCLP between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984, (12-year-olds) and April 1, 1989, and March ...