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Edith L Potter: Influence Statistics

The zygosity of 80 per cent of 293 pairs of twins was established with certainty at birth; a placenta with a single chorion identified 22.8 per cent as monozygotic, differences in sex identified 30.2 per cent as dizygotic, and differences in blood groups of those of the same sex identified an additional 27.0 per cent as dizygotic. The remaining 20 per cent are probably although not positively monozygotic.The data corroborate Weinberg's rule which indicates the total number of dizygotic ...

In view of the frequent association of genital malformations and malformations of certain other organ systems, the discovery of one should invariably lead to an investigation of the possible presence of the other.Because of the close relationship of the urinary and genital systems in embryologic development and the marked preponderance of males among infants with complete bilateral renal agenesis, genital development and nuclear sex were studied in 48 fetuses and infants presenting this ...

Although 86 per cent of the population is Rh positive, isoagglutinins are not ordinarily present in the 14 per cent who are Rh negative (in contrast to the A and B antigens on which the main blood groups are based); in an individual who is Rh- (who does not naturally have the Rh antigen), agglutinins can be produced by the introduction of the Rh antigen into the blood stream.This introduction can be accomplished either by transfusion or by transfer, during pregnancy, of the Rh antigen ...

Perinatal mortality for 110,316 fetuses and infants weighing over 400 grams born at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital between May 31, 1931, and July 1, 1966, fell from 42 per 1,000 births in 1931–1941 to 29 per 1,000 births in 1961–1966. Mortality for live-born infants weighing over 1,000 grams decreased from 17.2 per 1,000 births to 8.6 per 1,000 births at the same time. The greatest reduction took place in the first half of this period with little change occurring since then. The decrease ...

Three hundred and thirty-four multiple pregnancies occurred in 31,131 total deliveries, an incidence of one in 93.4 for twins, and one in 15,514 for triplets.The average birth weight is 2,391 Gm. for an infant which is one of twins and 3,405 Gm. for other infants born in this hospital.The average length of gestation is 256 days in twin pregnancies, 281 days in all other pregnancies in this hospital.The combined fetal and neonatal death rate for 660 reportable twin infants is 13.3 per ...

In the six and one-half year period prior to July 1, 1947, there were 22,943 deliveries at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital. Among these there were 257 multiple pregnancies, an incidence of 1:91 for twins and 1:4,580 for triplets.The mean birth weight in this series was 2,354 Gm.The mean length of gestation for twin pregnancies was 256.7 days and for multiple pregnancies (including triplets) in which the combined weight of the babies was over 5,000 Gm. is 271.2 days.The mortality for all ...

Twenty instances of complete renal agenesis have been observed during a ten-year period among approximately 5,000 infants who were subjected to postmortem examination following intrauterine death or death in the neonatal period.There was no relation to maternal age or parity, method of delivery, or to complications of pregnancy. The infants were predominately males. The three female infants exhibited a complete absence of uterus and vagina. The lungs of all infants were hypoplastic and ...

Among 20,219 births at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital 0.94 per cent of the infants weighed more than 4,500 gm.The average length of gesttion calculated fromthe first day of the last menstrual period ws 288 dys for these infants.The size of the fetus is lrgely dependent onthe length of gesttion, but size of the parents, multiparity, advancing age, or diabetes in the mother may be contributing factors in producing excessive development.Labor presents greater hazard for both mother and ...

Medullary sponge kidneys are characterized by the cystic dilatation of collecting tubules in the renal medulla. The cortex is generally normal. No sympioms are present unless there is infection or lithiasis. The abnormality appears to be an intrinsic enlargement of collecting tubules related to hamartomatous polycystic kidneys. It has only recently been recognized and most cases have been described in adults. Two examples in young infants are reported.