Joseph L Melnick

One thousand one hundred thirty-four women, enrolled in a prospective study of the development of cervical neoplasia in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero, were examined at least once a year. Twenty-three women developed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of different degrees during the 7-year follow-up period and were matched with women who did not develop CIN during the study period. Serum samples were obtained at the time of entry into the study and at the time ...

Following oral administration of Coxsackie viruses (C viruses) to susceptible chimpanzees, these agents can be isolated from the throat for a period of approximately a week, from the blood for a few days, and from the stools for 2 to 3 weeks or even longer. Animals so infected respond with the formation of specific neutralizing antibodies which are maintained for at least 1 to 2 years. Such chimpanzees are immune when challenged orally with homologous strains of virus. They then excrete ...

The function of serum in the growth medium for primary monkey kidney cells has been shown to be inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. Serum is required to inactivate the residual trypsin remaining from enzymatic digestion of the kidneys and the proteolytic enzymes subsequently synthesized by the cells.Freshly trypsinized cells could be grown to monolayers in the absence of serum provided that they were repeatedly washed to remove residual trypsin. In the absence of serum, cell growth ceased ...

Current standards for evaluation of the public health safety of recreational and shellfish-harvesting waters are based upon bacteriological analysis, but do not include an evaluation of the number of viruses. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of enteric viruses in estuarine sediments and to find a relationship, if any, between the presence of viruses in seawater or sediment or both and various biological and physicochemical characteristics of the environment. ...

Vero cells, a line of African green monkey kidney cells, failed to produce interferon when infected with Newcastle disease, Sendai, Sindbis, and rubella viruses, although the cells were sensitive to interferon. Further, infection of Vero cells with rubella virus did not result in interference with the replication of echovirus 11, Newcastle disease virus, or vesicular stomatitis virus, even in cultures where virtually every cell was infected with rubella virus. Under the same conditions, ...

After infection of primary cultures of green monkey kidney cells or of an established green monkey kidney cell line (CV-1) with SV40, thymidine kinase activity was induced. Increased enzyme activity was first detectable 12–16 hours after inoculation and was 4–15 times greater at 28–48 hours in infected than in noninfected cultures.Thymidine kinase has been partially purified from noninfected and SV40-infected cells. With deoxyuridine (UdR) as substrate, the Michaelis constant of the ...

A formalin-inactivated hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been produced in several laboratories (for review, see ref. 1). The sole source of material for these vaccines has been 22-nm lipoprotein particles composed of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and derived from plasma of persons chronically infected with HBV. Such a source presents potential hazards in view of unknown factors that may be present in the plasma, and as high-risk populations are immunized, sources of plasma ...

Further evidence for the widespread occurrence of Coxsackie or C virus is presented in this paper. This virus is characterized by paralysis and myositis produced in infant mice. An epidemic of mild illnesses diagnosed as "non-paralytic poliomyelitis" and as "summer grippe" occurred during the summer of 1947 in Akron and Cincinnati, Ohio. From the pooled feces of such patients both poliomyelitis virus and C virus were obtained. From the samples of single patients, 3 immunologically ...

The intracellular development of three pox viruses has been studied with the electron microscope using thin sections of infected tissue. Cells infected with vaccinia, ectromelia, and molluscum contagiosum viruses all form developmental bodies preliminary to the production of mature virus. Developmental bodies, believed to be virus precursors, are round to oval, slightly larger than mature virus particles, less dense to electrons, and have a more varied morphology. It is suggested as a ...

The effect of DNA antagonists and various antibiotics on steps in the synthesis of SV40 virus in green monkey kidney cells was investigated. Both the early forming tumor (T) antigen, as well as the later synthesized virus (V) antigen, were synthesized in the presence of fluorouracil and iododeoxyuridine. Cytosine arabinoside (and fluorodeoxyuridine in starved cells) prevented synthesis of V antigen but not T antigen. The synthesis of T antigen therefore does not require synthesis of ...

The primary etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (the AIDS virus). However, the pathogenesis of this virus suggests that other cofactors may contribute to the development of clinically overt disease. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated as a potential cofactor because HBV and AIDS virus infections frequently coexist, striking similarities exist in their epidemiologic patterns, and recent data indicate that HBV ...

Anti-idiotype reagents that recognize a common idiotype associated with the combining site of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were used to manipulate the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in BALB/c mice. The injection of antibodies to the idiotype before antigenic stimulation resulted in an increase in the number of cells secreting immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen. Anti-HBs-secreting cells were also induced by administration of ...

Methods are described for the efficient concentration of an enterovirus from large volumes of tap water, sewage, and seawater. Virus in acidified water (pH 3.5) in the presence of aluminum chloride was adsorbed to a 10-inch (ca. 25.4 cm) fiberglass depth cartridge and a 10-inch pleated epoxy-fiberglass filter in a series at flow rates of up to 37.8 liters (10 gallons) per min. Adsorbed viruses were eluted from the filters with glycine buffer (pH 10.5 to 11.5), and the eluate was ...