A prospective ultrasound study was performed between 18 and 38 weeks' gestation on 29 fetuses in a high-risk population, defined by the presence of structural anomalies, in order to investigate the usefulness of fetal ear measurements in the prenatal prediction of chromosomal abnormality. The prevalence of abnormal chromosomes was 34 per cent. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SC), positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of ear length for the detection of ...

Risk prediction scores are important tools to support clinical decision-making for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The objective of this paper was to validate the 4C mortality score, originally developed in the United Kingdom, for a Canadian population, and to examine its performance over time. We conducted an external validation study within a registry of COVID-19 positive hospital admissions in the Kitchener-Waterloo and Hamilton regions of southern Ontario between March ...

This chapter argues that Canada’s trade diversification agenda provides Canadian traders with greater access and investment certainty in new markets but it cannot compensate for U.S. losses nor will distant markets ever fully replace less costly neighboring markets from an exporter perspective. While the NAFTA renegotiations and WTO shake-up are not taking place under circumstances Canada would have chosen, they should, nevertheless, deliver important reforms to a hidebound system. ...

Extra care housing enables older people to remain in their ‘own home’, while providing appropriate housing and access to health and social care services that are responsive to their needs. This type of provision is very much in line with the government policy of fostering people's sense of control and independence, and is a priority area for expansion. We explored the current levels of development and expansion of extra care housing in terms of the numbers of schemes and places and ...