Anthony J Bron

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of tear osmolarity in the diagnosis of dry eye disease.

DESIGN: A prospective, observational case series to determine the clinical usefulness of tear osmolarity and commonly used objective tests to diagnose dry eye disease.

METHODS: A multicenter, 10-site study consisting of 314 consecutive subjects between 18 and 82 years of age. Bilateral tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining, conjunctival staining, Schirmer test, and meibomian ...

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of visible light on normal or metabolically compromised cultured rat RGC-5 cells.

METHODS: Cultured RGC-5 cells were exposed to different durations as well as intensities of optical radiation, filtered to exclude wavelengths below 400 nm. Some cells were also subjected to metabolic compromise by depriving them of serum (serum deprivation; SD). Treated cells were assayed for cell viability using the 3,(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the postoperative rotation of plate and loop haptic implants of spherical power to ascertain the optimal design appropriate for toric intraocular lenses (IOLs).

DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial.

PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients attending for routine cataract surgery by phacoemulsification.

METHOD: Patients with cataract as the only ocular disease were randomly implanted with plate or loop haptic implants after uncomplicated phacoemulsification. The baseline ...

The lipid layer is an essential component of the tear film, providing a smooth optical surface for the cornea and retarding evaporation from the eye. The meibomian lipids which compose it are well adapted for this purpose. They form a thin, smooth film whose thickness, and probably composition, influences the rate of evaporation. Their melting range ensures sufficient fluidity for delivery to the tear film from the lid margin reservoirs, while the film itself may exhibit a higher ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), as a correlate of intracranial pressure (ICP), with acute mountain sickness (AMS).

DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of mountaineers from sea level to 6400 m.

SETTING: Mount Everest (North side).

PARTICIPANTS: 13 mountaineers (10 men, 3 women; aged 23-52 years) on a British expedition to climb Mount Everest.

INTERVENTIONS: ONSD was measured ultrasonically, 3 mm behind the globe using B scans recorded with an ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate in a general clinic-based cohort of patients with dry eye disease (DED) the distribution of patients with aqueous-deficient or evaporative subtype of DED.

METHODS: Schirmer tests and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) (Foulks-Bron scoring) were evaluated in both eyes of 299 normal subjects and DED patients (218 women and 81 men) across 10 sites in the European Union and the United States. Using the more severe measurement of the 2 eyes, subjects were considered to ...

BACKGROUND: There is a wide variation in the use of diagnostic tests for dry eye disease. The purpose of this study was to survey the attitudes of eye practitioners towards both tests and therapies available for dry eye disease.

METHOD: An anonymous, web-based questionnaire was used, containing both quantitative and qualitative sections.

RESULTS: Thirty-eight respondents, evenly distributed in experience, confirmed the wide variation of diagnostic tests in use. History and staining ...

Publication of the DEWS report in 2007 established the state of the science of dry eye disease (DED). Since that time, new evidence suggests that a rethinking of traditional concepts of dry eye disease is in order. Specifically, new evidence on the epidemiology of the disease, as well as strategies for diagnosis, have changed the understanding of DED, which is a heterogeneous disease associated with considerable variability in presentation. These advances, along with implications for ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the safety and efficacy of hypotonic 0.18% sodium hyaluronate solution (0.18% SH) versus saline and versus 0.3% carbomer for the treatment of signs and symptoms of moderate dry eye syndrome.

METHODS: A total of 304 patients were randomized (1:1:1) in this parallel-group, multi-center, phase III trial. They were instructed to instill one drop of the allocated product in each eye two to four times per day over 84 days. The primary efficacy criterion was the ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between tear volume and tear meniscus curvature by means of the video meniscometer.

METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 patients with severe dry eye were studied (all female; mean +/- SD age, 66.2 +/- 7.7 years; 7 left eyes and 4 right eyes), each of whose puncta had been therapeutically occluded. Four instillations of balanced salt solution were given at intervals of 1 minute in each studied eye, with the concentration increasing in 5-microL steps from ...

The distribution of sulphated proteoglycans within the stromas of three patients (A,B,C) suffering from macular corneal dystrophy was studied using the specific dye Cuprolinic Blue in a 'critical electrolyte concentration' method. The corneas were examined using transmission electron microscopy and A and C were further studied by low-angle synchroton X-ray diffraction. Sera from all three patients were analyzed for the presence of keratan sulphate using a monoclonal antibody in an ...

PURPOSE: Collagen fibrils and proteoglycans are the main components of the corneal extracellular matrix and corneal transparency depends crucially on their proper arrangement. In the present study, we investigated the formation of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans in the developing cornea of the zebrafish, a model organism used to study vertebrate embryonic development and genetic disease.

METHODS: We employed thin-section electron microscopy to investigate the ultrastructure of the ...

It has long been assumed that unstimulated tears are more thoroughly equilibrated with epithelial secretions than stimulated tears, since they are in contact with tarsal, bulbar and corneal surfaces for longer. It was also believed from results with model solutions that soluble mucin is responsible for the observed surface tension and viscosity of tears. If longer contact means more mucin is dissolved in the aqueous tears, then the surface activity (surface tension lowered by mucin) and ...

Tear hyperosmolarity is thought to play a key role in the mechanism of dry eye, a common symptomatic condition accompanied by visual disturbance, tear film instability, inflammation and damage to the ocular surface. We have constructed a model for the mass and solute balance of the tears, with parameter estimation based on extensive data from the literature which permits the influence of tear evaporation, lacrimal flux and blink rate on tear osmolarity to be explored. In particular the ...