The radical copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and trifluorovinyl ω-hydroxy comonomers [F2CCF(CH2)mOH with m = 1 (FA1) and m = 3 (FA3)] for the synthesis of fluorinated polymers bearing hydroxy side groups is presented. FA1 was prepared by dehydrofluorination of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol, whereas FA3 was obtained in a three-step scheme starting from the radical addition of 1,2-dichloroiodotrifluoroethane to allyl alcohol. The copolymerization conditions (in bulk or in ...

The pilot scale synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) copolymers with rigid bio-based comonomers, namely isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was investigated. The synthesis and properties of these copolymers were compared with aliphatic-aromatic polyesters containing the petrochemical terephthalic acid (PTA), such as poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) and commercial poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Compared to PBS, polycondensation was much ...

The use of 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols, isosorbide, isomannide and isoidide in polymers is reviewed. 1,4:3,6-Dianhydrohexitols are derived from renewable resources from cereal-based polysaccharides. In the field of polymeric materials, these diols are essentially employed to synthesize or modify polycondensates. Their attractive features as monomers are linked to their rigidity, chirality, non-toxicity, and the fact that they are not derived from petroleum. First, the synthesis of high ...

This study concerns the synthesis of anhydride terminated oligoimides (ANTOI) and allyl terminated oligoimides (ALTOI), in acetic acid medium, which allows a very fast reaction and an easy working out. For the preparation of ALTOIs, two methods are compared: the first one consists of adding the monofunctional compound (allyl amine) to the ANTOI already formed during a first step by reaction of a dianhydride (excess) and a diamine. The second method consists of a “one pot” reaction ...

The synthesis of perfectly alternating fluorinated polyimide–fluorinated polyhybridsiloxane block copolymers (FPI-FPHSX) was achieved through polyhydrosilylation of α,ω-diallylfluorinated polyimides (AT-FPI) and α,ω-dihydrosilane fluorinated–polyhybridsiloxanes (HT-FPHSX). A series of three FPI-FPHSX containing 15, 38, and 56 wt % of polyimide was synthesized and characterized by tuning the number-average molecular weight either of the hard polyimide segments or of the soft ...

The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)-based copolyamides. Indeed, FDCA monomer may be a potential bio-based alternative to phthalic acids. A series of polyamides and copolyamides, PA 6-I(x)/6-F(y), are synthesized in a pilot scale reactor by melt polycondensation of salts based on FDCA, isophthalic acid (IPA), and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine. The chemical structure and composition of the resulting copolymers are extensively characterized ...

The insertion of soft polysiloxane segments into a polyimide backbone introduces changes in its properties (processability, low surface tension, gas permeability, and lower dielectric constant). Generally, these polyimide–polysiloxane copolymers are synthesized by the condensation of a dianhydride with an aromatic diamine and an amine telechelic polysiloxane, or by transimidization between an aminopyridine-terminated oligoimide and an amine end-capped oligosiloxane. This study ...

The efficiency of organometal- (Ti, Zr, Sn, Hf, and Bi) and metal oxide- (Ge and Sb) based catalysts was investigated during the transesterification step of the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). PBS was prepared from succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol via a two-stage melt polycondensation process. The catalytic efficiency of the organometal catalysts was as follows: Ti≫Zr∼ Sn>Hf>Sb>Bi. The germanium and antimony metal oxides displayed desirable catalytic efficiency when were ...

Deformation-induced modification of the dispersion state of silica nanoparticles in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). We focused on the biaxial deformation applied at a temperature just above the glass transition temperature (110 °C), during the free stretch-blowing process of amorphous PET modified with submicron silica. The first nanocomposite studied contains 2.5 wt % of ...

The synthesis and the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of crosslinkable copolymers based on a novel NLO azo-dye chromophore bearing two functions: one used the free-radical copolymerization, that is, the methacrylate group, and the other one used for the crosslinking process, that is, the carboxylic acid function, are described. Copolymerization of this new monomer with glycidyl methacrylate leads to novel soluble crosslinkable NLO copolymers bearing free epoxy and carboxylic groups. ...

We report on the measurement of the electro-optic properties of poled polymers at λ=1.55 μm via the Teng and Man technique. Measurements of the electro-optic coefficient obtained for two different sandwich structures, using either indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) semitransparent electrodes, are compared. The experimental results show that the use of ITO electrodes can lead to a largely wrong evaluation of the electro-optic coefficient r33, with respect to that ...

In this paper, the synthesis and properties of poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene-co-isosorbide terephthalate) (PCIT) with isosorbide (IS) content ranging from 16 to 61 mol% relative to the total diols amount were investigated. Amorphous polymers were successfully synthesized without isosorbide ring hydration. Glass transition temperature (Tg) linearly increased of 1.1 °C for each molar percent of isosorbide included in the polyester, meanwhile melting temperature (Tm) linearly decreased of ...

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) from fatty acids dimer-based polyester polyols, 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and isosorbide (ISO) as chain extender were successfully synthesized by a two-stage synthesis. TPUs obtained from isosorbide were compared to the model 1,4-butanediol (BDO) −based materials. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the phase-separated structure of these materials that displayed a typical thermoplastic elastomer behavior by dynamic mechanical ...

The development of polymer waveguides leads to synthesis of fluorinated amorphous polymers with high transmission capacity, potential to tune their optical properties by tailoring the molecular structure, together with good processability, easy handling, good flexibility and low cost.In this work we have investigated new thermoplastic fluoroacrylated copolymers, synthesized by radical copolymerization of fluoroalkene(s) with five-membered cyclic carbonate and a third monomer or transfer ...

Bulk radical telomerisation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) with methanol was investigated for the synthesis of fluorinated alcohols. Improvements in the conversion of CTFE and of the selectivity of the reaction were sought by using different radical initiators (peroxides, percarbonates, peresters) and an excess of methanol. These reactions were compared in terms of CTFE conversion, yield of monoadduct and formation of higher molecular weight telomers. Under these conditions, radical ...