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Markus Weiss: Influence Statistics

OBJECTIVE: Arterial oxygen saturation (Sao(2)) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (Paco(2)) are 2 of the most important respiratory parameters in the treatment of critically ill neonates. Noninvasive monitoring of these parameters is desirable for continuous estimating of the respiratory status and reducing blood loss because of repeated blood gas analyses. Transcutaneous measurement of Pco(2) (Ptcco(2)) represents a simple and noninvasive technique for continuous monitoring of ...

INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines suggest a fasting time of 2 h for clear fluids, which is often exceeded in clinical practice, leading to discomfort, dehydration and stressful anaesthesia induction to patients, especially in the paediatric population. Shorter fluid fasting might be a strategy to improve patient comfort but has not been investigated yet. This prospective clinical trial compares gastric pH and residual volume after 1 vs 2 h of preoperative clear fluid fasting.

METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: Undiagnosed tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA) or delayed extraction can lead to serious morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate anesthetic and periinterventional morbidity of a straightforward regime using rigid bronchoscopy to rule out or remove a tracheobronchial foreign body in children with suspicion of FBA.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed rigid bronchoscopy charts of children with suspicion of acute (< or = 24 h) and subacute (>24 h-2 weeks) ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of intubation depth marks on the new Microcuff paediatric tracheal tube.

METHODS: With local Institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed parental consent, we included patients from birth (weighing > or =3 kg) to 16 yr who were undergoing general anaesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation. Tracheal intubation was performed using direct laryngoscopy, the intubation depth mark was placed between the vocal ...

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of syringe size and infusion rate on drug delivery after vertical displacement of syringe pumps.Methods: Four syringes (10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, 50 ml) were studied at three infusion speeds (2 ml·hr−1, 1 ml·hr−1 and 0.5 ml·hr−1). Fluid delivery was measured gravimetrically using an electronic balance. Aspiration volume (amount of fluid retracted into the syringe-infusion line assembly) and zero-drug delivery time (time between the lowering of the syringe pump ...

ObjectiveTo compare the assessment of cardiac output (CO) in children using the noninvasive Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM) with the invasive pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) thermodilution cardiac output measurement.Design and settingProspective observational study in a tertiary center for pediatric cardiology of a university children's hospital.PatientsTwenty-four pediatric patients with congenital heart disease without shunt undergoing cardiac catheterization under general ...

ObjectiveThis study compared the recently introduced Microcuff endotracheal tube HVLP ICU featuring an ultrathin (7-µm) polyurethane cuff membrane with endotracheal tubes from different manufacturers regarding fluid leakage past the tube cuff.DesignIn vitro setup.Measurements and resultsThe following endotracheal tubes (ID 7.5 mm) were compared: Mallinckrodt HiLo, Microcuff HVLP ICU, Portex Profile Soft Seal, Rüsch Super Safety Clear, and Sheridan CF. A vertical PVC trachea model (ID ...

BACKGROUND: The small sample volume needed and the prompt availability of results make viscoelastic methods like rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) attractive for monitoring coagulation in small children. However, data on reference ranges for ROTEM parameters in children are scarce.

METHODS: Four hundred and seven children (ASA I and II) undergoing elective surgery were recruited for this prospective, two-centre, observational study. Subjects were grouped as follows: 0-3, 4-12, 13-24 ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to elucidate easily determinable laboratory and vital parameters in clinical practice to explain variability of near-infrared spectroscopic cerebral oxygenation readings in critically ill newborns and infants using the NIRO 300 spectrometer.

METHODS: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral tissue oxygenation index (cTOI) was measured on the forehead of critically ill neonates and infants with existing arterial and/or central venous access. We ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Although ketamine is one of the most commonly used sedatives to facilitate painful procedures for children in the emergency department (ED), existing studies have not been large enough to identify clinical factors that are predictive of uncommon airway and respiratory adverse events.

METHODS: We pooled individual-patient data from 32 ED studies and performed multiple logistic regressions to determine which clinical variables would predict airway and respiratory adverse ...

BACKGROUND: The goal of this investigation was to evaluate adequacy of the design of readily available paediatric cuffed tracheal tubes (CPTT).

METHODS: In 15 series of cuffed (11) and uncuffed (four) paediatric tracheal tubes (ID: 2.5-7.0 mm) from four different manufacturers the following dimensions were measured: outer diameter of the tube, position and largest diameter of the tube cuff inflated at 20 cm H(2)O and position of depth markings and compared with age-related ...

IntroductionSecuring the airway with a tracheal tube is essential in emergency situations, in the intensive care setting as well as during anesthesia for surgery and other interventions. Current methods of airway assessment are poor screening tests for predicting difficult direct laryngoscopy due to a generally low positive predictive value; therefore, successful endotracheal intubation requires a high level of expertise, regular training and practice and sometimes additional tools. ...

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend preoperative fasting of 2 h for clear fluids, which is often exceeded in routine clinical practice. Existing data on residual gastric volumes in children do not consider fluid intake within <2 h and rely on the aspiration of gastric contents via a gastric tube. This study evaluated the emptying of clear fluids from the stomach using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODS: Healthy volunteers aged 6-14 years were asked to fast overnight. MRI ...

PurposePostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after adenotonsillectomy in children is, in spite of the prophylactic administration of tropisetron, still a frequent event. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of the additional systemic administration of low-dose dexamethasone (0.15 mg·kg−1) for the prevention of PONV.MethodsWith hospital ethics committee approval, we investigated children undergoing adenotonsillectomy receiving tropisetron (0.1 mg·kg−1; maximum dose, 2 mg) ...

BACKGROUND: Thromboelastometry (ROTEM(®)) might be useful to detect intraoperative coagulation disorders early in major paediatric surgery. This observational trial compares this technique to standard coagulation tests.

METHODS: Intraoperative blood sampling was obtained in children undergoing elective major surgery. At each time point, standard coagulation tests [activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen level] and ROTEM(®) analyses (InTEM, ...