Françoise Brun‐Vézinet

BACKGROUND: The long-term effectiveness of potent three-drug antiretroviral regimens for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is limited by problems related to compliance and tolerability. We investigated whether two-drug maintenance therapy would suppress viral replication after a three-month period of aggressive triple-drug induction therapy.

METHODS: A total of 378 HIV-1-infected adults who had not received previous antiretroviral treatment received ...

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients in France.

METHODS: Resistance mutations were sought in samples from 530 newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients from October 2006 to March 2007. Protease and reverse transcriptase mutations were identified from the 2007 Stanford Resistance Surveillance list.

RESULTS: Reverse transcriptase and protease resistance ...

OBJECTIVE: Assays for drug resistance testing in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are now available and clinical studies suggest that viral drug resistance is correlated with poor virologic response to new therapy. The International AIDS Society-USA sought to update prior recommendations to provide guidance for clinicians regarding indications for HIV-1 resistance testing.

PARTICIPANTS: An International AIDS Society-USA 13-member physician panel with expertise in ...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genomes encode several auxiliary proteins that have increasingly shown their importance in the virus-host relationship. One of these proteins, Vpx, is unique to the HIV-2/SIVsm lineage and is critical for viral replication in macrophages. The functional basis for this requirement, as well as the Vpx mode of action, has remained unexplained, and it is all the more enigmatic that HIV type 1 (HIV-1), which has no ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group N from Cameroon is phylogenetically close, in env, to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) cpz-gab from Gabon and SIVcpz-US of unknown geographic origin. We screened 29 wild-born Cameroonian chimpanzees and found that three (Cam3, Cam4, and Cam5) were positive for HIV-1 by Western blotting. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that Cam3 and Cam5 belonged to Pan troglodytes troglodytes and that Cam4 belonged to P. t. ...

CONTEXT: In the Trilège trial, following induction with a zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir regimen, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication was less suppressed by 2-drug maintenance therapy than by triple-drug therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To identify mechanisms of virologic failure in the 3 arms of the Trilège trial.

DESIGN: Case-control study conducted from February to October 1998.

SETTING: Three urban hospitals in Paris, France.

PATIENTS: Fifty-eight case patients with virologic ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of resistance-conferring mutations to antiretroviral drugs in previously untreated patients with chronic HIV-1 infection as a basis for French recommendations on viral genotyping before antiretroviral treatment initiation.

DESIGN: Resistance mutations were sought in samples from 404 patients seen in 23 specialized centres throughout metropolitan France in 1998.

METHODS: The protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes of plasma virions were ...

BACKGROUND: The Delta trial showed that combination therapy (zidovudine plus didanosine and zidovudine plus zalcitabine) substantially lengthened life and reduced disease progression compared with zidovudine monotherapy. We did a nested virological study in three countries (France, the Netherlands, and the UK) to investigate changes in markers for viral load and antiretroviral-drug resistance during therapy.

METHODS: 240 zidovudine-naive HIV-1-infected patients were randomly assigned ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify a pattern of protease gene mutations associated with the virological response to darunavir/ritonavir-based regimens.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed 153 treatment-experienced patients receiving a darunavir/ritonavir salvage regimen as a sole protease inhibitor (PI). Virological response was defined as an HIV-1 RNA load of <200 copies/mL at month 3. The impact of individual protease gene mutations on the virological response to ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of drug-resistant HIV-1 viral strains from patients presenting with primary infection in 1999-2000 and to survey the molecular epidemiology of these viruses circulating in France.

METHODS: Resistance mutations were detected by sequencing the reverse transcriptase and the protease genes in plasma samples from 249 individuals. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the reverse transcriptase genes.

RESULTS: Ten per cent of patients [26/249; 95% ...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the in vitro phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-2 isolates from integrase inhibitor (INI)-naive patients to INIs and its relation to HIV-2 integrase gene polymorphism.

METHODS: We determined the phenotypic susceptibility to raltegravir and elvitegravir of co-cultured isolates obtained from the HIV-2 ROD reference strain and from 14 clinical isolates. IC(50) values were compared with those for HIV-1 reference strains. HIV-2 integrase gene polymorphism was ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the predictors of virological rebound in patients having early virological response to protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen.

DESIGN AND METHODS: APROCO cohort study prospectively enrolled 1283 HIV-infected patients starting a PI-containing regimen in 1997-1999. Adherence to therapy was measured with self-administered questionnaires after 4 months of therapy (M4). Virological rebound was defined as a viral load (VL) > 500 copies/ml in patients having early ...

We studied the evolution of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations among 29 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients who experienced virologic failure when receiving an NNRTI-containing regimen (nevirapine, delavirdine, or efavirenz) and subsequently switched to antiretroviral therapy without NNRTIs. Genotypic resistance was determined from plasma samples collected at the time of NNRTI withdrawal (baseline) and during follow-up. At ...