Importance: Strabismus is common, affecting 2% to 4% of children, but how children and their families are affected in everyday life is poorly understood.

Objective: To evaluate the association of strabismus with functional vision and eye-related quality of life in children and their families using the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ).

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and October 2019 and included 91 children with ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years.

METHODS: At 49 clinical sites, 507 patients with amblyopic eye visual acuity ranging from 20/40 to 20/400 were provided with optimal optical correction and then randomized to a treatment group (2-6 hours per day of prescribed patching combined with near visual activities for all patients plus atropine sulfate for children aged 7 to 12 years) or an optical correction group (optical ...

Importance: Fellow eye patching has long been the standard treatment for amblyopia, but it does not always restore 20/20 vision or teach the eyes to work together. Amblyopia can be treated with binocular games that rebalance contrast between the eyes so that a child may overcome suppression. However, it is unclear whether binocular treatment is comparable to patching in treating amblyopia.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a binocular iPad (Apple Inc) adventure game as amblyopia ...

Importance: Deficits in fine motor skills and slow reading speed have been reported in school-aged children and adults with amblyopia. These deficits were correlated with lower self-perception of athletic and cognitive competence. Although perceived competence and social acceptance are key determinants of developing self-perception in young children, the association of amblyopia with self-perception and the association of altered self-perception with fine motor skills to date have not ...

Importance: A binocular approach to treating anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia has recently been advocated. Initial studies have yielded promising results, suggesting that a larger randomized clinical trial is warranted.

Objective: To compare visual acuity (VA) improvement in children with amblyopia treated with a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching.

Design, Setting, and Participants: A multicenter, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted in community and ...

BACKGROUND: In contrast to human milk, current infant formulas in the United States do not contain omega3 and omega6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This may lead to suboptimal blood lipid fatty acid profiles and to a measurable diminution of visual function in developing term infants. The need for docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid supplementation in the infant diet was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

METHODS: Healthy term infants were randomized ...

The need for a dietary supply of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic aid (AA) in term infants was evaluated in a double-masked randomized clinical trial of the effects of supplementation of term infant formula with DHA (0.35% of total fatty acids) or with DHA (0.36%) and AA(0.72%) on visual acuity development. One hundred and eight healthy term infants were enrolled in the study; 79 were exclusively formula-fed from birth (randomized group) and 29 were exclusively breast-fed (gold ...

PurposeTo identify specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and functional vision concerns affecting children with cataracts and common associated conditions as expressed by children or one of their parents (proxy), and HRQOL concerns affecting the parents themselves.MethodsIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with cataracts (N=31) and with the children themselves (ages 5–17 years; N=16). Transcripts of recorded interviews were evaluated ...

BACKGROUND: The range of human milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations worldwide is much broader than the range explored in randomized clinical trials to date.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine the effect of 4 amounts of DHA supplementation on the visual acuity of formula-fed infants at 12 mo of age. Secondary objectives were to evaluate visual acuity maturation, red blood cell fatty acids, tolerance, anthropometric measures, and adverse events.

DESIGN: This ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of prescribed part-time patching for treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT) in children.

DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial.

PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred fifty-eight children 3 to <11 years of age with previously untreated (except for refractive correction) IXT and near stereoacuity of 400 seconds of arc or better were enrolled. Intermittent exotropia met the following criteria: (1) IXT at distance OR constant exotropia at distance ...

PURPOSE: To establish a normative database of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular thickness, and retinal layer thickness in healthy North American children, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).

DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study.

METHODS: This institutional study enrolled 83 healthy children (aged 5-15 years) as volunteer research subjects at the Retina Foundation of the Southwest (Dallas, Texas); all had normal visual acuity. ...

BACKGROUND: Although amblyopia can be successfully treated with patching or atropine, there have been few prospective studies of amblyopia recurrence once treatment is discontinued.

METHODS: We enrolled 156 children with successfully treated anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia (145 completed follow-up), who were younger than 8 years of age and who received continuous amblyopia treatment for the previous 3 months (prescribed at least 2 hours of daily patching or prescribed at least one ...

PURPOSE: To determine the magnitudes of binocular summation for low- and high-contrast letter acuity in a multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort, and to characterize the roles that MS disease, age, interocular difference in acuity, and a history of optic neuritis have on binocular summation. The relation between binocular summation and monocular acuities and vision-specific quality of life (QoL) was also examined.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.

METHODS: Low-contrast acuity (2.5% ...

PURPOSE: To develop a computerized method of visual acuity testing for clinical research as an alternative to the standard Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) testing protocol, and to evaluate its test-retest reliability and concordance with standard ETDRS testing.

DESIGN: Test-retest reliability study.

METHODS: Multicenter setting of a study population of 265 patients at three clinical sites. Visual acuity was measured with both the electronic visual acuity testing ...