M Jane Riddoch

Cognitive assessments after stroke are typically short form tests developed for dementia that generates pass/fail classifications (e.g. the MoCA). The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) provides a domain-specific cognitive profile designed for stroke survivors. This study compared the use of the MoCA and the OCS in acute stroke with respect to symptom specificity and aspects of clinical utility. A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sample of 200 stroke patients within 3 weeks of stroke ...

PURPOSE: The syndrome of unilateral neglect following stroke is associated with poor outcome and presents significant challenges to those providing therapy for affected individuals. In contrast to a number of reviews which have recently appeared in therapy and rehabilitation journals relating to sensory aspects of neglect, this review focuses on 'motor neglect'.

SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the clinical and scientific literature for papers concerning motor neglect. The search included ...

There is currently no existing freely available short screen for cognitive problems that targets stroke survivors specifically. We have developed a short cognitive screen, the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), to be completed in 15-20 min, designed for use with stroke patients. To maximize inclusion, the test is aphasia- and neglect friendly and covers domains of cognition where deficits frequently occur after stroke, including apraxia and unilateral neglect as well as memory, language, ...

We discuss evidence indicating that human visual attention is strongly modulated by the potential of objects for action. The possibility of action between multiple objects enables the objects to be attended as a single group, and the fit between individual objects in a group and the action that can be performed influences responses to group members. In addition, having a goal state to perform a particular action affects the stimuli that are selected along with the features and area of ...

Why living things, such as animals, fruit, and vegetables, can pose recognition or naming problems compared to nonliving things for certain patients has intrigued neuropsychologists for a number of years. We report a further case study of a patient (SRB) with a category-specific impairment in naming living things, which occurred in naming from vision, taste, touch, and when auditory definitions stressed the visual properties of objects. In addition, SRB was particularly poor at ...

The present study examined the relations between the lesions linked to visual and tactile extinction (VE and TE), and those related to visual field defects and spatial neglect. Continuous variations in patients' performance were used to assess the link between behavioural scores and integrity of both grey and white matter (GM and WM). We found both common and distinct neural substrates associated with extinction and neglect. Damage to angular and middle occipital gyri, superior temporal ...

We report evidence for spatially parallel visual search for targets defined by combinations of form elements in visual search. In Section 1, we show that flat search functions occur for combined-form targets when distractor forms are homogeneous and can be grouped together, thus segmenting the target from the distractors. Introducing heterogeneous distractors lessens distractor grouping and can produce serial search. These results cannot be easily attributed to subjects' use of local ...

Previous studies have established the existence of neurological impairments of object constancy: the ability to recognize that an object has the same structure across changes in its retinal projection. Five case studies of brain-damaged patients with deficits in achieving object constancy are reported. To test object constancy, patients discriminated two photographs of a target object, taken from different views, from a photograph of a visually similar distractor object. Four patients ...

Abstract:  We present work demonstrating that the nature of an object for our visual system depends on the actions we are programming and on the presence of action relations between stimuli. For example, patients who show visual extinction are more likely to become aware of two objects if the objects fall in appropriate visual locations for a common action. This effect of the action relations between objects is modulated both by the familiarity of the positioning of the objects for ...

We report data contrasting the processing of facial identity from static photographs, and facial expression from static and moving images, in two patients with face processing impairments. One patient is markedly impaired at perceiving facial identity and he is poor at discriminating facial expression and gender from static photographs of faces. In contrast, he performs normally when required to make judgements of facial expression and gender to faces depicted by sets of moving light ...

A series of visual search experiments are reported examining pattern processing in a visual agnosic patient. We examined search for targets defined by: (I) the combination of their features relative to homogeneous distractors; (2) the combination of their features relative to heterogeneous distractors; and (3) a single feature difference relative to the distractors (their orientation). Normal subjects demonstrate evidence of spatially parallel search when combined-feature targets are ...

Two experiments are reported that use patients with visual extinction to examine how visual attention is influenced by action information in images. In Experiment 1 patients saw images of objects that were either correctly or incorrectly colocated for action, with the objects held by hands that were congruent or incongruent with those used premorbidly by the patients. The images were also shown from a 1st- and 3rd-person perspective. There was an overall reduction in extinction for ...

Unilateral visual neglect, an attentional disorder, might show variability on repeated testing. This study investigated test–retest stability in elderly patients post-stroke, 85 with and 83 without neglect. Subjects repeated three common clinical tests for neglect within the hour; the Star Cancellation Test (SCT), Line Bisection (LB) and the Baking Tray Task (BTT). Data analysis indicated good to excellent test repeatability in subjects without neglect. For subjects with neglect, ...

In this chapter we review three different accounts of unilateral neglect: one maintaining that neglect is due to early visual processing deficits; one maintaining that neglect is due to a disorder of an internal representation of space; and one maintaining that neglect is due to a disorder of visual attention. An attentional view of neglect is elaborated in which neglect is attributed to a breakdown in the processes enabling stimul on the contralateral side of space to a lesion to ...

Anti-extinction occurs when there is poor report of a single stimulus presented on the contralesional side of space, but better report of the same item when it occurs concurrently with a stimulus on the ipsilesional side (Goodrich & Ward, 1997). We report a series of experiments that examine the factors that lead to anti-extinction in a patient GK, who has bilateral parietal lesions but more impaired identification of left-side stimuli. We show a pattern of anti-extinction when stimuli ...